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Anatomy > 16 - MSK Body Wall & Back > Flashcards

16 - MSK Body Wall & Back Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two compartments of the body wall

A

dorsal (proterior) extensor
ventral (anterior) flexor

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2
Q

what defines the anterior and posterior compartments

A

transverse process
- back = dorsal
- front = ventral

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3
Q

what do the left and right dorsal extensors do

A

cause extension of the spine

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4
Q

What is the flexor compartment innervated by

A

ventral ramus

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5
Q

what is the extensor compartment innervated by

A

dorsal ramus

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6
Q

what do mixed spinal nerves consist of

A

motor and sensory axons

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7
Q

Describe the pathway of the ventral ramus

A

goes back –> front
gives off muscular branches (deep) –> superficial and give off sensory nerves(sensations to the skin)
Skin defined by dermatome

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8
Q

Describe the pathway of the dorsal ramus

A

front –> back
deep in muscles –> superficial to skin on posterior body wall

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9
Q

Which regions are capable of flexion and extension

A

cervical and lumbar regions

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10
Q

What is lateral deviation

A

using muscles on the same side of front and back
(joints in vertebral column)

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11
Q

What are the three muscles of the anterior body wall

A

superficial to deep

external obliques –> internal obliques –> transverse abdominus

Create broad tendon sheath

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12
Q

What is the tendon sheath

A

formed by the muscles of the anterior body wall
rescuts abdominus underneath the tendon sheath (enveloped in tendon sheath)
- have tendinous insertions between muscle group

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13
Q

What do the anterior body wall muscles do

A

flexing the lumbar vertebrae
increase intrabdominal pressure to aid in: micturition (urination), parturition (uterus growing –> l&b), defecation (sigmoid…)

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14
Q

What are the muscles in the extrinsic muscles of the back

A

superficial
- trapezius
- rhomboids (deep to trapezius)
- Latissimus dorsi (widest muscle of the back)

origin in the axial skeleton and insertion in the appendicular skeleton
- give aciton on the appendicular skeleton

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15
Q

What are the intrinsic back muscles

A

deep
attached to vertebral columns, transverse processes and their extensions and the ribs
have action on vertebral column (spine) - rotation, extnesion
innervated segmentally by dorsal ramus (b/c true back muscles)

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16
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the back innervated by

A

ventral raumus (latissimus and rhomboids) –> peripheral nerves that rise off of brachial plexus early on before it gets out to the limb
CN XI (trapezius)

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17
Q

What are the two major systems of intrinsic back muscles

A

spinotransverse system (big muscles for extension of spine = erector spinae group)
- long muscles
- stay up straight
- stabalize

transversospinal system
- short, dont go very far
- obliquely oriented
- twisting in the vertebrae

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18
Q

How are the intrinsic back muscles innervated

A

segmentally by the dorsal ramus
at different levels (cervical, thoracic, lumbar

19
Q

What are the curvatures of the spine

A

4 major curvatures
- 2 kyphotic (hump) thoracic and sacrum
- 2 lordotic (backwards) cervical and lumbar

20
Q

What are abnormalities of curvatures of the spine

A

exaggeration of a normal curve
scoliosis - most common, congenital, muscle paralysis, short leg, lateral deviation
kyphosis - humpback, osteoporosis (poor posture)
lordosis - pregnancy, obesity (natural adaptation)

21
Q

what are the parts of a typical (thoracic) vertebrae

A

body (spongey bone, where most of body’s red bone marrow - where most of RBC are made)
pedicles
lamina (root - plate of spinal canal)
transverse processes
spinous process
superior articular process
inferior articular process

22
Q

What are fibrous joints
What is the function in the vertebrae

A

joins adjacent bodies of vertebrae and contain interbetertebral discs
least amount of movement but most stable

23
Q

What structure faciliatates shock absorption in the vertebrae

A

intervertebral disc
- thick collagen on outside (fibrous ring)
- inside very gelatinous (hydrated - gel cushions)
as you go through the day, water gets squished out of the vertebral column

24
Q

What are synovial joints
What is the function in the vertebrae

A

joins adjacent pedicles of vertebrae
some range of mobility (flexion and extension

25
Q

where do the mixed spinal nerves exit the vertebral column

A

intervertebral foramina

26
Q

What is formed once mixed spinal nerves exit the intervertebral foramina

A

forms a ventral ramus (thicker than dorsal cause more muscles at the front) and dorsal ramus

27
Q

What are the anterior longitudinal ligaments

A

help to keep the intervertebral discs in place
very thick
largely composed of collagen fibers (resist tearing and stretching)

28
Q

What are posterior longitudinal ligaments

A

help to keep the intervertebral discs in place
very thin
runs entire length of vertebral column

29
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum

A

composed of elastin
yellow (flavum = yellow)
- contains elastic tissue
- can stretch and will recoil back to original position
when flex vertebrae, opens spaces in back between the ligament
extension- goes back to original shape
wears out with age –> touch pressure proprioception when impacting spinal cord

exists between the laminu, does not voer the lamin

30
Q

What are the ligaments in the vertebrae

A

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flavum
interspinous ligament
supraspinous

31
Q

What is the interspinous ligament

A

attatchment site for back muscles (transversospinal)
between the spine

32
Q

What is the supraspinous ligament

A

most superficial
above/upon the spinous
connects spinous processes of vertebrae
really thick in cervical region

33
Q

What is the sacroiliac joint

A

sacrum articulates with the ilium of the pelvic bones = synovial joints
stabalize the joint, represent thickening
some rotation

cocyx wants to stick out the back

34
Q

What ligaments stabalize the sacroiliac joints

A

sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
prevent the rotation of the sacrum

35
Q

What are the causes of lower back pain

A

mechanical: ligament sprain or muscle strain
neurogenic: compression of spinal nerves

36
Q

What is mechanical pain

A

ligament sprain or muscle strain
well localized
bilateral (usually on the midline, hard to determine which side)

37
Q

What is neurogenic pain

A

compression of spinal nerves
pain radiates
often unilateral

38
Q

What is neurogenic pain caused by

A

narrowing intervertebral foamina (spinal stenosis)
disc degeneration (usually when older)
- interverebral disc in compressed –> causes intervertebral space to become smaller –> compresses nerves –> generates pain signals and eventually stops

facet joint arthritis

disk herniation: common between vertebrae l4& l5 and vertebrae l5 and l1
- results in entrapment of l5 or s1 spinal nerve respectively
- s1 spinal nerve entrapment is most common

39
Q

What is the straight leg test

A

for isolating spinal nerves involved
places traction on the roots of the lumbosacral plexus

ROM 30 = L4
ROM 90 = L5
no pain at 90 = mechanical back pain
ROM 0 = L2-L3`

40
Q

Which regions have the greates ROM

A

cervical and lumbar region

41
Q

Why are the 4 muscles arranged aroudn the joint axis

A

flexion
extension
lateral deviation (felxion)
circumduction

42
Q

What does the sternocleidomastoid

A

flexion of cervical vertebrae
innervated by CN XI

43
Q

What is the upper fibres of trapezius

A

extend cervicle vertebrae
innervated by CN XI

44
Q

What are the muscles that move the lumbar spine

A

abdominal muscles (flexion)
Spinotransverssystem (no hold back)
intervatted segmentally by dorsal ramaus
transversospinal system (rotain)

Anatomy (18 decks)

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