18: Global conservation Flashcards
Economic vs sustainable development
E: improved efficiency, distribution of resources. Economic growth. Indefinity growth
S: Resource use limited by availability
Quantitative sustainable development
Triple bottom line, full-cost accounting
e.g. net zero energy consumption
What is natural capital? Externalities?
NC: total economic value of ecosystems and their services
E: costs that are outside the market system, born by all individuals
Economic development depletes NC and imposes E
The social cost of externalities are disproportionately paid by…
- less powerful individuals
- less powerful countries
- future generations
What are social-ecological systems
Link systems of people and nature
Humans are a part of nature
What is the triple bottom line
Bottom line of social, economic and environmental costs
People use more resources where…
- humans have higher consumptive lifestyles
- there are a lot of people
What is the per capita consumption of natural capital
Ecological footprint
The ecological footprint measures ____________________ compared to __________________
How fast we consume resources and generate waste compared to how fast nature can absorb our waste and generate new resources
Top two countries with the highest ecological footprint
United Arab Emirates
Qatar
Local/regional approaches to sustainability
- regulations
- protected areas
- incentives for conservation
National approaches to sustainability
- Acts (SARA)
- National PA’s
How is conservation funded in developing countries
National governments and private donations give money to the World Bank, INGO’s (WWO)
Environmental trust funds
Debt-for-nature swap
What are debt-for-nature swaps
Environmental organizations will fundraise and buy a countries debt from the world bank, then say they will forgive the debt in exchange for the country carrying out conservation action
Four criteria for conservation programs *** (four C’s)
- Concern: donors and recipients both want to solve the problem
- Contracts: fair contracts made and enforced
- Capacity: enough facilities, people, skills and equipment to achieve intended result
- Causes: original cause of the conservation problem is addressed
