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2 DPS > 18 Aggression > Flashcards

18 Aggression Flashcards

1
Q

Deifne aggression

What is the important part of this definition?

A

intending to harm another individual who does not wish to be harmed

intent is the important part

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2
Q

name 4 types of aggression

A

hostile / impulsive
instrumental
proactive vs reactive
relational aggression

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3
Q

What is hostile / impulsive aggression?

A

aimed solely at hurting another

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4
Q

What is instrumental aggression

A

a means to an end

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5
Q

What is relational aggression?

A

hostile aggression that does damage to another peer’s relationships

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6
Q

What is proactive aggression?

A

being aggressive to achieve a goal - not in reaction to another person being aggressive

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7
Q

What is reactive aggression?

A

reacting to a perceived threat or provocation

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8
Q

What is relational aggression?

A

gosssiping, spreading rumours, social exclusion

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9
Q

What are the two main contributors to aggression and what theories support them?

A

nature - psychoanalytic theory, ethology

nurture - social learning theory

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10
Q

What is psychoanalytic approach to aggression?

A

aggresion is innate

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11
Q

What is the cognitive approach to aggression?

A

aggression is learnt

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12
Q

What does thanatos mean?

A

aggressive or death instinct

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13
Q

What does eros mean?

A

sex or life instinct

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14
Q

What does athanasios mean?

A

a - immortal

thanos - death instinct (or aggressive)

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15
Q

What is id?

A

the part of the mind in which innate instinctive impulses and primary processs are made

UNCONCIOUS

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16
Q

What is the relationship between superego and id?

A

controls id’s impulses, especially those forbidden by that individual’s society

persuades ego to strive for moralistic goals

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17
Q

What is the role of ego?

A

mediates between id, superego, and the real world

it’s the decision making component of personality

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18
Q

What is the relationship between id ad aggression?

A

when expression of instincts (id) are blocked, there is increased arousal, leading to aggression

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19
Q

What is the frustration - aggression hypothesis?

A

aggression = consequence of frustration

the revised form accounts for aggressive cues to stimulate aggression

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20
Q

What are the problems with frustration - aggression hypothesis?

A

frustration is not sufficient to cause aggression

aggression is only one outcome of frustration - induced arousal

frustration provokes different resopnses between individuals

Frustration is more likely to produce aggression if it wasn’t anticipated

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21
Q

What is the aggressive cue theory?

A

frustration produces anger rather than aggression

anger can then lead to aggression, using cues

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22
Q

What is ethology?

A

learning about human psychology from studying animals

23
Q

remember one argument supporting the notion that aggression is a basic drive

A

mild stimulation of the hypothalamus produces deadly aggressive behaviour in some animals - suggests we’re ‘hardwaired’ to be aggressive

24
Q

What would suggest that aggression is based more off experience?

A

some mammals show aggression when stimulated in the cortex.

prestigous monkeys show aggression to subordinates when stimulated in the hypothalamus. lower down monkeys show submission

25
Q

What part of the brain controls aggression in emotion regulation?

A

prefrontal cortex

26
Q

What experiment supported the social learning theory?

A

Bodo doll experiment 1963

27
Q

What are the differences between social learning theory and psychoanalytic theory?

A

Social learning theory is basically psychoanalytic theory but accounts for more outcomes of anger and different stimuli

28
Q

What does the General aggresion model suggest and what other aggresion model does it incorporate?

A

agression is the result of both the personality and interaction of the person and the situation

neo association

29
Q

Why are adults more influenced by media aggression in the short term?

A

priming of pre-existing schemas, these are interfered with in the long-term by existing beliefs

30
Q

Why are children more influenced by media aggression in the long term?

A

children quickly learn new norms without interference from established schemas

31
Q

How does deindividualism increase aggression?

A

minimise salience of personalities

reduce public accountability

32
Q

What efffect does reducing public acocuntability have on identity?

A

personal identity decreased

group identity increased

33
Q

What did milgram study?

A

how punishment affects human learning

34
Q

how does self-esteem effect vulnerability to insult?

A

used to be thought that people with low self esteem are more likely to react badly

now the other way round!

35
Q

What is the relationship between sensation seeking and aggression?

A

higher sensation seekers are more impulsive, and hence may be considered more aggressive

36
Q

How does amygdala volume change with aggression?

A

greater amygdala volume -> increased trait aggression

37
Q

What effect does serotonin have on aggression?

A

it inhibits it

38
Q

What effect does cortisol have on aggression?

A

it inhibits it

39
Q

What part does the amygdala play in aggression?

A

fear - determines fight or flight

40
Q

What part does the hypothalamus play in aggression?

A

output to somatic motor and autonomic neurones of lower brainstem and spinal chord

41
Q

Higher levels of what hormone pre-birth and in early childhood increase agggression?

A

testosterone

42
Q

What are the areas of the brain associated with inhibiting and stimulating anger?

A

inhibiting - top-down (orbital frontal cortex)

stimulating - bottom-up (amygdala, insula)

43
Q

why might Phineas Gage have become more irritable?

A

his frontal cortex was just obliterated, less inhibition of aggression!

44
Q

How did Phineas Gage age?

A

with age he became far more measured - healing in the brian?

he was a stagecoach driver, which helped him

45
Q

What effect would reduced serotonin and enhanced dopamine and norepinephrine have on aggression, and how?

A

more aggressive

may lead to a lesion (tumour), decreased cortical volume, or processing inefficiency

think of it as a sympathetic response

46
Q

What effect would glutamate have on aggression?

A

it’s an excitator neurotransmitter

therefore, dysfunction leads to hypersensitivity

47
Q

What effect would GABA have on aggression?

A

inhibitory NT

dysfunction leads to hyperexcitation - like glutamate

48
Q

What is the role of MAOA?

A

mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase A

helps with re-uptake and breakdown of neurotransmitters including serotonin

those with MAOA L(low) gene have excessive NT levels in the brain

49
Q

What does serotonin do?

A

regulates mood and emotion

50
Q

what does epinephrine do?

A

regulates the body’s response to stress

51
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

regulates physical movements

52
Q

Even with MAOA, does the environment affect aggression?

A

yes - abuse will still make for an antisocialhas much more of an affect on aggression

53
Q

What is brunners syndrome?

A

MAOA deficiency

Low IQ, impulsivity, hypersexuality, and violence

XS monoamines in the brain

2 DPS (19 decks)

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