11 stereotyping and stigma (PSYCHOLOGY) Flashcards
What are stereotypes based on?
the accident fallacy
What are the premises of the accident fallacy?
premise 1 - 2 people of group X have characteristic Y
premise 2 - person Z is part of group X
conclusion - person Z has characteristic Y
Give 2 main reasons why we might stereotype
cognitive function
social function
Why would we stereotype for cognitive function?
to simplify and systematise information
respond quicker to situations
Why would we stereotype for social function?
to differentiate groups of people
to explain social events
to justify group activities
In what 4 ways might stereotypes be formed during early adolescence?
imitation and remodellling
conditioning
experience
social norms
What 4 types of stereotyping are goverened by high and low competence and warmth?
Paternalistic stereotype
Admiration
Contemptuous sterreotype
Envious stereotype
What is the out-group homogenity effect?
people tend to perceive members of an out group as similar to each other
What is the in group differentiation effect?
people percieve many differences between members of the own group
What is stereotype threat?
when a person experiences anxiety or concern that they may confirm a negative stereotype linked to their in-group
What 2 things did Goffman say about stigma in 1963?
stigma can be discrediting or discreditable
the experience of stigma differs based on the concealability of the stigmatised attribute
What is anticipated stigma?
fear that someone will be stigmatised based on their condition (usually if people can’t conceal their condition)
What is felt stigma?
fear of stigma based on a condition they have
What is courtesy stigma?
relatives also feel stigmatised
What is enacted stigma?
changes in behaviour (good or bad)
