13 adolescence development

Question 1

how did Piaget view child development?

Answer 1

progress through fixed stages

stages relative to brain growth

Question 2

how did Erikson view child development?

Answer 2

psychological rather than sexual stages of development

each stage has a normative crisis, a struggle between 2 conflicting crises

Question 3

What is the cognitive and social development seen up to 2 years?

Answer 3

cognitive - sensorimotor
social - (up to 1 year) trust vs mistrust
(up to 2 years) autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 4

What is sensorimotor cognitive development?

Answer 4

aquiring knowledge through sensory experiences and motor activity

sees a change into goal-orientated toddlers

Question 5

What cognitive development is seen from 2-7 years?

Answer 5

preoperational

aware only of immediate environment, thought remains empirical rather than logical

Question 6

What social development is seen between 3 and 5 years?

Answer 6

initiative vs guilt

start of oepidal feelings

Question 7

What cognitive developments are seen from ages 7 10 12?

Answer 7

concrete operations

differentiation btw self and others
can only still understand phenomina from real world

Question 8

What cognitive developments are seen after the age of 12?

Answer 8

Formal operations

abstract though

Question 9

what social developments happen after the age of 12?

Answer 9

identity vs role confusion; who am i?

Question 10

What problems are worth looking for up to the age of 2 years?

Answer 10

loss of skills or language
1 year - no babble or gesture
18 months - no single words
24 months - no two spontaneous words

Question 11

What problems are worth looking out for by 2 and 3 years onwards?

Answer 11

communication problems
lack of eye contact
extreme emotional reactions and aggression
over or under sensitivity to stimuli

Question 12

Is puberty beneficial for a young person’s health?

Answer 12

boys - generally yes

girls - less sure, more breast cancer risk, later maturing girls are taller and thinner

Question 13

How has sexual activity in adolescence changed?

Answer 13

age of first sex decreased
number of casual partners increased
adolescent pregnancy associated with neonatal mobidity and mortality

Question 14

What is precocious puberty, how does it happen?

Answer 14

when puberty happens too early

hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to produce sex hormones earlier

Question 15

What are the effects of precocious puberty?

Answer 15

early bone maturation
reduce ultimate adult height
emotional and social consequences
physically mature children emotionally immature
innapropriate sex drive
tumour presence?

Question 16

What are the signs of precocious puberty in women?

Answer 16

breast development
pubic hair
growth spurt
menstruation
acne
mature body odour

Question 17

What are the signs of precocious puberty in men?

Answer 17

testes and penis enlargement
hair
growth spurt
voice deepening
acne
mature body odor