17.2 1 Carbonyl compounds and their physical properties

Question 1

carbonyl group

Answer 1

C=0

Question 2

Two carbonyl compounds

Answer 2

aldehydes and kentones

Question 3

how to name aldehydes

Answer 3

-al e.g butanal

Question 4

aldehyde

Answer 4

if h attached

Question 5

ketone

Answer 5

no h

Question 6

naming kentone

Answer 6

one e.g pentan-2-one

Question 7

bond

Answer 7

combination of sigma and pi polar as different atoms involved greater electron density nearer the oxygen atoms

Question 8

aldhydes scent

Answer 8

shorter unpleasant solvent smell.

longer pleasant rose smell

Question 9

lower ketones

Answer 9

solvent smell

Question 10

aldehydes and ketones boiling points

Answer 10

permanent dipole-dipole attractions
no hydrogen bonding because all hydrogen is joined to carbon atoms
Boiling temperatures increase with molar mass as the extent of London forces increase
have inter-molecular forces of an intermediate strength

Question 11

At room temperature

Answer 11

methanal is a gas all the others are liquid

Question 12

solubility in water

Answer 12

lower aldehydes and ketones are soluble in water because they can form hydrogen bonds with slightly negative O
solubilty decreases with increasing chain length as the hydrocarbon part of the molecules becomes more significant