Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 2 > 17.1 and 17.2 > Flashcards

17.1 and 17.2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 functions of the blood

A

transport
regulation
protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

transport includes Delivering _____ from the lungs and ____ from the digestive tract to ______

A

oxygen
nutrients
all body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transporting metabolic waste products from ___ to ______

A

cells

elimination sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transporting hormones from the ________ to their ______

A

endocrine organs

target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Maintaining appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat throughout the body and to the skin surface to encourage ______

A

heat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Maintaining normal pH in body tissues. Many blood proteins and other bloodborne solutes act as _____ to prevent excessive or abrupt changes in blood pH that could jeopardize normal cell activities. Blood also acts as the reservoir for the body’s “alkaline reserve” of _______

A

buffers

bicarbonate ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Maintaining adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system. As we will see, blood proteins prevent ________ from the bloodstream into the tissue spaces. As a result, the fluid volume in the blood vessels remains ample to support efficient blood circulation to all parts of the body

A

excessive fluid loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Preventing blood loss. When a blood vessel is damaged, ____ and ______- initiate clot formation, halting blood loss.

A

platelets

plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Preventing infection. Drifting along in blood are antibodies, complement proteins, and_________ all of which help defend the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses.

A

leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells, called the ______ are suspended in a nonliving flu id matrix called ____

A

formed elements

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blood lacks the collagen and elastic fibers typical of other connective tissues, but dissolved fibrous
proteins become visible as _______ during blood clotting

A

fibrin strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most of the reddish mass at the bottom of the tube is

A

erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A thin, whitish layer called the ______ is present at the __________

A

buffy coat

erythrocyte plasma junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the buffy coat contain

A

Leukocytes and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Erythrocytes normally constitute about ___ of the total volume of a blood sample, a percentage known as the _____

A

45%

hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal hematocrit values vary.
In healthy males the norm is
in females it is

A

males - 47% ± 5%

females - 42% ± 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Leukocytes and platelets contribute less than____of

blood volume. Plasma makes up most of the remaining ____ of whole blood

A

less than 1%

55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blood is technically made up of two things

A

plasma and formed elements (erythrocytes and buffy coat (leukocytes and platelets))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

blood pH is

A

slightly alkaline 7.35 to 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RBC count

A 
women =  4.2-5.4 million cells per microliter
men = 4.7-6.1 million cells/µl
21
Q

average volume of blood in males and females

A 
males = 5-6 L
females = 4-5 L
22
Q

plasma is mostly

A

water

23
Q

Although outnumbered by the lighter electrolytes, the heavier _______ are the most abundant plasma solutes by weight, accounting for about ____ of plasma weight.

A

plasma proteins

8%

24
Q

Except for hormones and gamma globulins (antibodies), most plasma proteins are produced by the

A

liver

25
Q

how much does albumin account for in plasma proteins

A

60%

26
Q

_____ acts as a carrier to _____ certain molecules through the circulation, and is the major blood protein contributing to the __________

A

albumin
shuttle
plasma osmotic pressure

27
Q

Most types of formed elements survive in the bloodstream for only a

A

few days

28
Q

Most blood cells ______. Instead, _____ divide continuously in red bone marrow to replace them.

A

do not divide

stem cells

29
Q

the solutes of the plasma fall in the categories of

A 
electrolytes
plasma proteins
non protein nitrogenous substances
organic nutrients 
respiratory gases
hormones
30
Q

plasma proteins include

A

albumin, globulins (alpha, beta, gamma), fibrinogen

31
Q

electrolytes are the most abundant solutes by

A

number

32
Q

electrolytes can be

A

anions or cations

33
Q

what do electrolytes maintain

A

plasma osmotic pressure and normal blood pH

34
Q

plasma proteins have lots of functions list some

A
  • contribute to osmotic pressure
  • maintain water balance in the blood and tissues
  • other transport and enzymatic functions
35
Q

most abundant plasma protein

A

albumin (60%)

36
Q

where is albumin produced

A

by the liver

37
Q

albumin is the main contributor to what

A

osmotic pressure

38
Q

globulins are what percent of plasma proteins

A

36%

39
Q

where are alpha and beta globulins produced

A

by the liver

40
Q

alpha and beta globulins are mostly

A

transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, and fat soluble vitamins

41
Q

gamma are what

A

antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response

42
Q

By-products of cellular met abolism,
such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, and
ammonium salts

A

non protein nitrogenous substances

43
Q 
Mat erials absorbed from digestive tract
and transported f or use t hroughout
body; include glucose and other simple
carbohydrat es, amino acids (prot ein
digest ion products), f atty acids,
glycerol and triglycerides (fat digestion
products), cholesterol, and vitamins
A

Nutrients (organic)

44
Q 
Oxygen and carbon dioxide; oxygen
mostly bound to hemoglobin inside
RBCs; carbon dioxide transported
dissolved as bicarbonat e ion or C02,
or bound to hemoglobin in RBC
A

respiratory gases

45
Q

Steroid and thyroid hormones carried

by plasma proteins

A

hormones

46
Q

fibrinogen

A

4% of plasma proteins

47
Q

where is fibrinogen produced

A

liver

48
Q

what does fibrinogen

A

forms fibrin threads of blood clot

Bio 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions