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Crime And Punishment c1000-1500 > 1700 - 1800 > Flashcards

1700 - 1800 Flashcards

1
Q

In 1765, how many crimes were punishable by death?

A

160

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2
Q

In 1810, how many crimes were punishable by death?

A

222

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3
Q

Why were witchcraft laws repealed in 1736?

A

People were more educated and understood that it was unnecessary.

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4
Q

What did urbanisation mean for crime levels?

A

It was easier to disappear and go unrecognised.

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5
Q

What Act was formed in 1679 and what did it do?

A

The Habeus Corpus Act preventing indefinite imprisonment without being charged.

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6
Q

What shows that corruption was still a thing?

A

Governments still made up evidence to lock people up

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7
Q

What did drunkenness, gambling and failure to attend Church result in?

A

Fines

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8
Q

Which 3 crimes are punishable by whipping?

A

Vagabondage, theft and selling goods at the wrong price

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9
Q

What 3 crimes were punishable by burning at the stake?

A

Heresy, treason and witchcraft

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10
Q

Which 3 crimes were punishable by hanging?

A

Heresy, treason and murder

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11
Q

Which 2 crimes were punishable by the stocks?

A

Smuggling and fraud

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12
Q

Which 2 crimes were punishable by transportation?

A

Murder and poaching

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13
Q

Who was one of the most infamous highwaymen, hanged in 1670?

A

Claude Duval

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14
Q

What 6 changes served as advantages for highwaymen?

A
  • Road surfaces were better
  • New towns were built
  • Horses were cheap
  • Loot could be hidden in taverns
  • Many lonely areas
  • Easy to get handguns
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15
Q

What 4 things helped to prevent highway robberies?

A
  • Mounted patrols
  • High rewards
  • JPs refused to license some dodgy taverns
  • Banks became more sophisticated
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16
Q

Which landowners can hunt anywhere?

A

Those with land more than £100

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17
Q

Why were gamekeepers employed?

A

To protect land

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18
Q

What is the punishment for possessing dogs for hunting? (2)

A

£5 fine and 3 months in prison

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19
Q

In what year was the Waltham Black Act formed, which made poaching a capital crime?

A

1723

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20
Q

Why did people poach? (2)

A
  • Some did for entertainment
  • Others did because the demand for game was high, especially the Black Market
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21
Q

What three things were regularly smuggled?

A

Cloth, wine and spirits 

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22
Q

Out of 13 million pounds of tea how much was brought into the country legally?

A

5.5 million pounds

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23
Q

How was smuggling now punished?

A

By death

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24
Q

How many smugglers were hanged, put in gaol and still active?

A

35 were hanged, 10 were put in gaol and 200,000 were still active 

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25
Q

What did the Spotsman do?

A

Directed ship to shore

26
Q

What did the Lander do?

A

Arranged the unloading of cargo

27
Q

What did the Tubsmen do?

A

Carried goods

28
Q

What did the Batsman do?

A

Protected Tubsman

29
Q

What years was the Hawkhurst Gang active?

A

Between 1735 and 1749

30
Q

How many people did smuggling gangs consist of?

A

50 to 100

31
Q

Give four reasons for the rise of smuggling

A
  • Gangs were very efficient
  • they were well-armed
  • few custom officers
  • it was a social crime
32
Q

How many times more than the daily wage was made in one night of smuggling?

A

6 or 7 times more

33
Q

What percentage of those wanted for smuggling in 1748 were labourers?

A

70%

34
Q

Give two reasons for the decline in smuggling

A
  • Introduction of the HM Coast Guard in 1822
  • decrease in import duties in 1842
35
Q

Why did James Frampton report to Lord Melbourne about George Loveless and five other workers’ ‘Friendly Society of Agricultural Workers’?

A

He was scared of losing his power after the French Revolution and Swing Riots

36
Q

What does the GNCTU stand for?

A

Grand National Consolidated Trades Union

37
Q

Why did Loveless form the ‘Friendly Society of Agricultural Workers’?

A

To protest the 6s that they received, when the average salary was 10s

38
Q

How did the Unlawful Oath Act of 1797 result in their arrest?

A

It was obscure and hence used to deemed their oath of allegiance illegal when it actually wasn’t

39
Q

How many years of transportation were they sentenced to and in which country?

A

7 years in Australia

40
Q

For how many days were they at sea and how many miles did they have to walk?

A

111 days and over 150 miles

41
Q

What did Lord Melbourne initially dismiss?

A

The demonstration with 100,000 and the petition with 800,000 against the arrest of the Tolpuddle Martyrs

42
Q

After how many years were the men pardoned?

A

Three years

43
Q

What was the population in 1750?

A

9.5 mil

44
Q

What was the population in 1900?

A

41.5 mil

45
Q

What fraction of men could vote in the 1700s?

A

1/8

46
Q

By 1885, how many men could vote?

A

All men

47
Q

In 1840s, what invention became a major transport?

A

Trains

48
Q

Which law said children under 13 had to go to school?

A

1880 Law

49
Q

What percentage were literate by the 1800s?

A

70%

50
Q

When were the Bow Street Runners set up and by who?

A

1754 by the Fielding brothers

51
Q

What did the Fielding brother believe was the cause for increase in crimes?

A

Corruption and overpopulation

52
Q

Why did they monitor thief takers closely?

A

To ensure they didn’t return to being privately hired

53
Q

Who were thief takers appointed as and what was their weekly wage?

A

Principal officers with training, equipment and uniform. They paid a guinea for a week

54
Q

How long did the horse patrols last and how did they help?

A

18 months, which reduced the amount of highway robberies

55
Q

Who were the Robin Redbreasts and how many officers did they have?

A

A horse patrol with 54 officers

56
Q

What was the Hue and Cry newspaper?

A

Where magistrates posted info about criminals

57
Q

When did the Bow Street Runners start getting paid by the government?

A

By 1785

58
Q

When was the Middlesex Justices Act passed and what did it do?

A
  1. Established 7 police officers, 3 paid magistrates and up to 6 paid constables
59
Q

When and who was the River Thames Police set up by?

A

In 1798 by Patrick Colquohon

60
Q

In 1780s what was the main alternative to capital punishment?

A

Transportation

Crime And Punishment c1000-1500 (8 decks)

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