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Crime And Punishment c1000-1500 > 1700 - 1800 > Flashcards

1700 - 1800 Flashcards

1
Q

In 1765, how many crimes were punishable by death?

A

160

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2
Q

In 1810, how many crimes were punishable by death?

A

222

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3
Q

Why were witchcraft laws repealed in 1736?

A

People were more educated and understood that it was unnecessary.

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4
Q

What did urbanisation mean for crime levels?

A

It was easier to disappear and go unrecognised.

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5
Q

What Act was formed in 1679 and what did it do?

A

The Habeus Corpus Act preventing indefinite imprisonment without being charged.

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6
Q

What shows that corruption was still a thing?

A

Governments still made up evidence to lock people up

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7
Q

What did drunkenness, gambling and failure to attend Church result in?

A

Fines

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8
Q

Which 3 crimes are punishable by whipping?

A

Vagabondage, theft and selling goods at the wrong price

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9
Q

What 3 crimes were punishable by burning at the stake?

A

Heresy, treason and witchcraft

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10
Q

Which 3 crimes were punishable by hanging?

A

Heresy, treason and murder

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11
Q

Which 2 crimes were punishable by the stocks?

A

Smuggling and fraud

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12
Q

Which 2 crimes were punishable by transportation?

A

Murder and poaching

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13
Q

Who was one of the most infamous highwaymen, hanged in 1670?

A

Claude Duval

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14
Q

What 6 changes served as advantages for highwaymen?

A
  • Road surfaces were better
  • New towns were built
  • Horses were cheap
  • Loot could be hidden in taverns
  • Many lonely areas
  • Easy to get handguns
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15
Q

What 4 things helped to prevent highway robberies?

A
  • Mounted patrols
  • High rewards
  • JPs refused to license some dodgy taverns
  • Banks became more sophisticated
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16
Q

Which landowners can hunt anywhere?

A

Those with land more than £100

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17
Q

Why were gamekeepers employed?

A

To protect land

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18
Q

What is the punishment for possessing dogs for hunting? (2)

A

£5 fine and 3 months in prison

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19
Q

In what year was the Waltham Black Act formed, which made poaching a capital crime?

A

1723

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20
Q

Why did people poach? (2)

A
  • Some did for entertainment
  • Others did because the demand for game was high, especially the Black Market
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21
Q

What three things were regularly smuggled?

A

Cloth, wine and spirits 

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22
Q

Out of 13 million pounds of tea how much was brought into the country legally?

A

5.5 million pounds

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23
Q

How was smuggling now punished?

A

By death

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24
Q

How many smugglers were hanged, put in gaol and still active?

A

35 were hanged, 10 were put in gaol and 200,000 were still active 

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25
What did the Spotsman do?
Directed ship to shore
26
What did the Lander do?
Arranged the unloading of cargo
27
What did the Tubsmen do?
Carried goods
28
What did the Batsman do?
Protected Tubsman
29
What years was the Hawkhurst Gang active?
Between 1735 and 1749
30
How many people did smuggling gangs consist of?
50 to 100
31
Give four reasons for the rise of smuggling
- Gangs were very efficient - they were well-armed - few custom officers - it was a social crime
32
How many times more than the daily wage was made in one night of smuggling?
6 or 7 times more
33
What percentage of those wanted for smuggling in 1748 were labourers?
70%
34
Give two reasons for the decline in smuggling
- Introduction of the HM Coast Guard in 1822 - decrease in import duties in 1842
35
Why did James Frampton report to Lord Melbourne about George Loveless and five other workers' 'Friendly Society of Agricultural Workers'?
He was scared of losing his power after the French Revolution and Swing Riots
36
What does the GNCTU stand for?
Grand National Consolidated Trades Union
37
Why did Loveless form the 'Friendly Society of Agricultural Workers'?
To protest the 6s that they received, when the average salary was 10s
38
How did the Unlawful Oath Act of 1797 result in their arrest?
It was obscure and hence used to deemed their oath of allegiance illegal when it actually wasn't
39
How many years of transportation were they sentenced to and in which country?
7 years in Australia
40
For how many days were they at sea and how many miles did they have to walk?
111 days and over 150 miles
41
What did Lord Melbourne initially dismiss?
The demonstration with 100,000 and the petition with 800,000 against the arrest of the Tolpuddle Martyrs
42
After how many years were the men pardoned?
Three years
43
What was the population in 1750?
9.5 mil
44
What was the population in 1900?
41.5 mil
45
What fraction of men could vote in the 1700s?
1/8
46
By 1885, how many men could vote?
All men
47
In 1840s, what invention became a major transport?
Trains
48
Which law said children under 13 had to go to school?
1880 Law
49
What percentage were literate by the 1800s?
70%
50
When were the Bow Street Runners set up and by who?
1754 by the Fielding brothers
51
What did the Fielding brother believe was the cause for increase in crimes?
Corruption and overpopulation
52
Why did they monitor thief takers closely?
To ensure they didn't return to being privately hired
53
Who were thief takers appointed as and what was their weekly wage?
Principal officers with training, equipment and uniform. They paid a guinea for a week
54
How long did the horse patrols last and how did they help?
18 months, which reduced the amount of highway robberies
55
Who were the Robin Redbreasts and how many officers did they have?
A horse patrol with 54 officers
56
What was the Hue and Cry newspaper?
Where magistrates posted info about criminals
57
When did the Bow Street Runners start getting paid by the government?
By 1785
58
When was the Middlesex Justices Act passed and what did it do?
1792. Established 7 police officers, 3 paid magistrates and up to 6 paid constables
59
When and who was the River Thames Police set up by?
In 1798 by Patrick Colquohon
60
In 1780s what was the main alternative to capital punishment?
Transportation

Crime And Punishment c1000-1500 (8 decks)

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