1.7 Urbanisation

Question 1

Reasons for rural areas seeking and experiencing rapid urban growth (5)

Answer 1

Improved transport links (e.g. highway)
Accessible natural resources
Job opportunities
Improved services (schools and hospitals)
Improved supply of electricity, gas and water.

Question 2

Rural urban migration

Answer 2

Movement of people from countryside into cities.

Question 3

Push factors from rural areas (6)

Answer 3

Poor job opportunities 
Mechanisation = unemployment in agriculture
Poor services (education+healthcare)
Lack of entertainment 
Drought = crops die = famine
Shortage of resources

Question 4

Pull factors from urban areas (4)

Answer 4

More jobs
Better services (universities, hospitals)
Good transport
Better entertainment

Question 5

Greenbelts

Answer 5

Wild or agricultural areas of land around cities protected from development.

Question 6

Greenfield Sites

Answer 6

Sites were building is forbidden by government policies

Question 7

Advantages of Greenfield sites (2)

Answer 7

Not polluted land

Less congestion

Question 8

Disadvantages of Greenfield sites (2)

Answer 8

Conflicts with other land users

Stops development of business wanting to build there.

Question 9

Brownfield sites

Answer 9

A site that was built on before, but can be developed.

Question 10

Advantages of Brownfield sites (3)

Answer 10

Cheap to buy
Near CBD
Closer to transport routes

Question 11

Ways of decreasing environmental impacts of urbanisation (4)

Answer 11

Greenbelts
Greenfield sites
Building on brownfield sites
Higher housing density (so less land is destroyed)

Question 12

Squatter settlements

Answer 12

Residential area which has developed without legal claims to the land or permission to build.

Question 13

Characteristics of squatter settlements (5)

Answer 13

High home and population density 
Houses built from mud/iron
No electricity
No running water/sewage systems
Diseases spread easily

Question 14

Regeneration

Answer 14

Improvement of areas through investment and rebranding

Question 15

Gentrification

Answer 15

When people move into an area and start making improvements which slowly regenerate the area.

Question 16

Counterurbanisation

Answer 16

The movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller towns trying to avoid problems of urbanisation.

Question 17

Megacity

Answer 17

Urban area with a population larger than 10 million.

Question 18

Social deprivation

Answer 18

When well-being and quality of life falls below a minimum level.

Question 19

Social segregation

Answer 19

The clustering together of people with similar characteristics into separate residential areas.

Question 20

Rural depopulation

Answer 20

Process in which the population density decreases over time.

Question 21

Urban re-imagining

Answer 21

Changing the image of an uran area

Question 22

Commuter belt

Answer 22

Area around a city where the majority of workers live.

Question 23

Multiplier effect

Answer 23

Process that causes a city to gather momentum and keep it growing.
e.g. Jobs available, more people move into the city, bigger market, new jobs available.