1.7 Urbanisation Flashcards
Reasons for rural areas seeking and experiencing rapid urban growth (5)
Improved transport links (e.g. highway)
Accessible natural resources
Job opportunities
Improved services (schools and hospitals)
Improved supply of electricity, gas and water.
Rural urban migration
Movement of people from countryside into cities.
Push factors from rural areas (6)
Poor job opportunities Mechanisation = unemployment in agriculture Poor services (education+healthcare) Lack of entertainment Drought = crops die = famine Shortage of resources
Pull factors from urban areas (4)
More jobs
Better services (universities, hospitals)
Good transport
Better entertainment
Greenbelts
Wild or agricultural areas of land around cities protected from development.
Greenfield Sites
Sites were building is forbidden by government policies
Advantages of Greenfield sites (2)
Not polluted land
Less congestion
Disadvantages of Greenfield sites (2)
Conflicts with other land users
Stops development of business wanting to build there.
Brownfield sites
A site that was built on before, but can be developed.
Advantages of Brownfield sites (3)
Cheap to buy
Near CBD
Closer to transport routes
Ways of decreasing environmental impacts of urbanisation (4)
Greenbelts
Greenfield sites
Building on brownfield sites
Higher housing density (so less land is destroyed)
Squatter settlements
Residential area which has developed without legal claims to the land or permission to build.
Characteristics of squatter settlements (5)
High home and population density Houses built from mud/iron No electricity No running water/sewage systems Diseases spread easily
Regeneration
Improvement of areas through investment and rebranding
Gentrification
When people move into an area and start making improvements which slowly regenerate the area.
Counterurbanisation
The movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller towns trying to avoid problems of urbanisation.
Megacity
Urban area with a population larger than 10 million.
Social deprivation
When well-being and quality of life falls below a minimum level.
Social segregation
The clustering together of people with similar characteristics into separate residential areas.
Rural depopulation
Process in which the population density decreases over time.
Urban re-imagining
Changing the image of an uran area
Commuter belt
Area around a city where the majority of workers live.
Multiplier effect
Process that causes a city to gather momentum and keep it growing.
e.g. Jobs available, more people move into the city, bigger market, new jobs available.
