1.3 Population structure Flashcards
Dependency ratio
ratio of active population (15-64) to dependent population (0-15 and 60+)
% active population = active pop/total pop x 100
Population pyramid
Type of graph that shows the age and sex structure of a country.
Stage 1 of DTM
high birth rate/death rate = low natural change
Short life expectancy
less dependency
Stage 2 of DTM
High birth rate
Death rate starts to fall (sanitation)
Longer life expectancy = more dependency
Stage 3 of DTM
Birth rate starts to decline (women rights, contraception)
Declining death rate
Longer life expectancy = more dependency
Stage 4 of DTM
Low birth rate/death rate
Longest life expectancy = highest dependency
2 main causes of Ageing population
Life expectancy increases
Birth rate fall
Implications of ageing population (3)
Shortage of workers; less tax payers; government receives less money = less care for elderly, increased taxes
Pressure on medical care/ hospitals.
Elderly have less money, decrease ‘grey pound’
Implications of little young population (3)
Child-related services close (fewer care for young, fewer jobs)
Less active population in the future (+less consumers)
Future generation birth rate decline = decrease in population
Implications of big young population (4)
Child care needed (so perhaps parents can’t work?)
More demand for public schools (taxes go into that)
Increased dependency ratio (young dependants)
Teaching/nursing jobs created
