1.1 Population dynamics

Question 1

Reasons for the population explosion (5)

Answer 1

Improved medical care (vaccinations)
Santitation and water supply
Improved transport (less food shortage, people can travel to get medical treatment)
Decrease in child mortality

Question 2

Overpopulation

Answer 2

When there are too many people to be supported to a good standard of living by an area’s resources.

Question 3

Underpopulation

Answer 3

Where there are too few people to exploit the resources of an area to their maximum potential.

Question 4

Consequences of Overpopulation (4)

Answer 4

Unemployment
shortage of services (healthcare, schools)
Shortage of housing
Congestion

Question 5

Consequences of Underpopulation (4)

Answer 5

Shortage of workers
less tax-payers
Businesses/services close due to lack of customers
Less innovation/development

Question 6

Carrying capacity

Answer 6

Number of people the environment can support without there being negative effects to the population

Question 7

Optimum population

Answer 7

Ideal population that can maximise the benefits from the resources available, resulting in a maximised quality of life.

Question 8

Population density

Answer 8

number of people living in a given area (people/km2)

Question 9

Population distribution

Answer 9

how a population is spread out around an area.

Question 10

Death rate

Answer 10

Number of deaths per 1000 per year.

Question 11

Birth rate

Answer 11

Number of live births per 1000 per year

Question 12

Natural change

Answer 12

Change in the population due to the difference between birth rate and death rate.
(birth rate - death rate)

Question 13

Reasons for high death rates in LEDCs (5)

Answer 13

Poor healthcare (e.g. few hospitals)
Poor sanitation (e.g. favours spread of diseases)
Poor access to safe water (results in water borne diseases)
Lack of vaccinations/medicines (e.g. tetanus vaccination)
Lack of provision for eldery (no pension system, no old people’s homes)

Question 14

Reasons for low birth rates in MEDCs (5)

Answer 14

Availability of contraception (condoms/abortions)
Education in family planning
Children are expensive to bring up (school, food, healthcare)
Women have careers (less appealing to have a child)
Lack of strong religious beliefs that refuse contaception

Question 15

What effect would HIV have in the next generation?

Answer 15

HIV mostly occurs in women
When women give birth, they can infect the child (infant mortality)
Death rate of mothers results in a higher orphan generation
Due to a lack of state welfare, the orphan will result in poverty, crime and lack of education