1.1 Population dynamics Flashcards
Reasons for the population explosion (5)
Improved medical care (vaccinations)
Santitation and water supply
Improved transport (less food shortage, people can travel to get medical treatment)
Decrease in child mortality
Overpopulation
When there are too many people to be supported to a good standard of living by an area’s resources.
Underpopulation
Where there are too few people to exploit the resources of an area to their maximum potential.
Consequences of Overpopulation (4)
Unemployment
shortage of services (healthcare, schools)
Shortage of housing
Congestion
Consequences of Underpopulation (4)
Shortage of workers
less tax-payers
Businesses/services close due to lack of customers
Less innovation/development
Carrying capacity
Number of people the environment can support without there being negative effects to the population
Optimum population
Ideal population that can maximise the benefits from the resources available, resulting in a maximised quality of life.
Population density
number of people living in a given area (people/km2)
Population distribution
how a population is spread out around an area.
Death rate
Number of deaths per 1000 per year.
Birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 per year
Natural change
Change in the population due to the difference between birth rate and death rate.
(birth rate - death rate)
Reasons for high death rates in LEDCs (5)
Poor healthcare (e.g. few hospitals)
Poor sanitation (e.g. favours spread of diseases)
Poor access to safe water (results in water borne diseases)
Lack of vaccinations/medicines (e.g. tetanus vaccination)
Lack of provision for eldery (no pension system, no old people’s homes)
Reasons for low birth rates in MEDCs (5)
Availability of contraception (condoms/abortions)
Education in family planning
Children are expensive to bring up (school, food, healthcare)
Women have careers (less appealing to have a child)
Lack of strong religious beliefs that refuse contaception
What effect would HIV have in the next generation?
HIV mostly occurs in women
When women give birth, they can infect the child (infant mortality)
Death rate of mothers results in a higher orphan generation
Due to a lack of state welfare, the orphan will result in poverty, crime and lack of education