17. Fish Flashcards

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0
Q

Function of pharyngeal slits (pouches)?

A
  • Filter feeding

- Respiration in vertebrates

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1
Q

A

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2
Q

Gills are used for…

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 (respiratory surface)

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3
Q

Pharyngeal slits can become…

A

Gill slits

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4
Q

What are the bars between the slits?

A

Gill arches (bone or cartilage)

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5
Q

What is on the gill arches?

A

Gill filaments

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6
Q

How many pairs of gill arches in bony fishes?

A

4 (each arch has pairs of gill filaments) _ gill cover (operculum) to protect

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7
Q

Gill filament structure = ……., ……, ……. area

A

Thin, vascularized, high surface

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8
Q

Blood flow and water in gill filament?

A
  • Blood vessel flow through gill arches
  • Capillary beds in gill filaments (gas exchange - filament only one cell thick)
  • Water & Blood flow in opposing directions (counter-current exchange system)
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9
Q

Explain countercurrent exchange.

A
  • Blood flows in opposite direction to water flow
  • Ensures that concentration gradients are maintained
  • Achieves maximum exchange of gases

(the more oxygenated the water, the more oxygenated the blood)

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10
Q

Describe the fish circulatory system

A
  • Closed (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins) (not quite like ours, we have pulmonary and systemic (lungs vs body), but not the fish)
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11
Q

Describe the fish heart

A

2 chambers & folded (blood comes in through sinus venosus, the one-way valves inside, atrium, ventricle, bulbous arteriosus) - found ventrally

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12
Q

Characteristics of vertebrates?

A
  • Axial skeleton (cranium, vertebral column, ribs)
  • Apendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle)
  • Closed circulatory system (with ventral heart)
  • Organs suspended in coelom
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13
Q

Fish make up what % of vertebrate diversity?

A

50%

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14
Q

What are gnathostomes?

A

Jaw fishes

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15
Q

Vertebrates but not gnathostomes - 2 groups?

A

Lampreys & Hagfish

  • No jaw, paired fins, swim bladder, scales
  • Cartilaginous skeleton, gill slits, notochord
16
Q

Hagfish - feeding?

A

Scavengers

Tie a knot to eat - use it as a jaw to rip off the food

17
Q

Hagfish regulation?

A

Osmotic concentration same as seawater - no regulation of ions

18
Q

What hagfish characteristics make their designation as vertebrates debatable?

A

No vertebral column, partially closed circulatory system (accessory hearts), partial cranium.

19
Q

Characteristics of lamprey?

A
  • Very common
  • No jaw, but oral disk with teeth
  • Very distinct larval form (ammocyete)
  • Adults are often parasitic on other fishes
20
Q

Jaws are formed by…

A

Fusion of gill arches

21
Q

Evolution of jaws?

A
  • Not present in early fishes and now agnathans

- Teeth evolved from scales in the mouth

22
Q

Advantage of jaw?

A

Improves ability to feed and diversify

23
Q

Paired fins?

A
  • On Pectoral and pelvic limb girdles
  • Enables more active swimming
  • Used for steering, stabilizing, lift
24
Q

What are Chnodrichthyes?

A

Cartilaginous fishes: Sharks, skates, rays

25
Q

Anatomy of Chondrichthyes?

A
  • Jaws
  • Paired fins
  • 5-7 fins pair

…..catch up

26
Q

Smallest and largest shark?

A
Dwarf lantern shark (16 cm)
Whale shark (18 m) - biggest fish in the world
27
Q

Osteichthyes?

A

Bony fishes - largest vertebrate group

28
Q

Swim bladder?

A

Flotation device
Enables neutral buoyancy
Gas regulated by gland in bladder or by swallowing/burping air

29
Q

Two groups of bony fish?

A
  1. Ray-finned fishes

2. Lobe-finned fishes