10.2 Sponges

Question 1

Sponges are called …

Answer 1

Porifera (pore bearing)

Question 2

Sponges - habitat?

Answer 2

Mostly marine

Question 3

Sponges - motility?

Answer 3

Sessile as adults, motiles as larvae

Question 4

Sponge - morphology?

Answer 4

• Highly variable according to habitat

Question 5

Mode of feeding of sponges?

Answer 5

Filter feeding

Question 6

Cells of sponge embedded in a…

Answer 6

Jelly matrix

Question 7

Sponge - tissues and organs?

Answer 7

No true tissues (except epithelial), no organs 9no muscles or nerves

Question 8

Two important parts of a sponge?

Answer 8

Amoebocyte + epidermal cell

Question 9

3 support structures of sponges?

Answer 9

1. Extracellular matrix
2. Spicules
3. Spongin

Question 10

Characteristics of extracellular matrix?

Answer 10

1) Non cellular
2) Made of collagen & glycoproteins
3) Provides some support

Question 11

Characteristics of spicules?

Answer 11

1) Made of CaCO3 or SiO2

2) Provides rigidity

Question 12

Characteristics of spongin?

Answer 12

1) Protein fibers

2) Provides flexible support

Question 13

What happens when a sponge has high spongin content?

Answer 13

“bath sponge” - demosponge

Question 14

What happens when a spong has high spicule (SiO2) content?

Answer 14

Glass sponge

Question 15

2 asexual reproduction modes of sponges?

Answer 15

• Fragmentation (not self induced, but by waves and predators)
• Budding (clone of parent)

Question 16

Sexual reproduction mode of sponges?

Answer 16

Hermaphroditic - broadcast sperm, filter in different sperm, eggs are fertilized, develop in extracellular matrix, larvae released (motile) and settles on suitable substrate

Question 17

In sponges, sperm and eggs are produced in…

Answer 17

Choanocytes or amoebocytes