16. Hormones

Question 0

Two examples of chemical signals that act locally, without entering blood stream?

Answer 0

Autocrine (acts on same cell that secretes them)

Paracrine (acts on neighbouring cells)

Question 1

Hormondes are distributed by …., bind to ….

Answer 1

Blood

Target cell receptors (target specificity depends on receptor equipment of cells)

Question 2

Three main chemical families of hormones?

Answer 2

1. Peptides and polypeptides (not lipid soluble)
2. Amino acid derivatives (most no lipid soluble)
3. Steroids (lipid soluble)

Question 3

What is PTTH?

Answer 3

(Prothoracicotropic hormone) Brain hormone, peptide

• Stored/produced by brian
• Production influenced by environmental cues
• Controls activity of prothoracic gland

Question 4

What is ecdysone?

Answer 4

Steroid

• Produced by prothoracic gland
• Secreted into hemolymph
• Epidermis is target cells
• Response = ecdysis
• Brain responds by shutting off PTTH hormone (negative feedback)

Question 5

2 hormones related to moulting in arthropods&

Answer 5

• PTTH

- ECDYSONE

Question 6

PTTH triggers periodic release of …. which ….

Answer 6

Ecdysone

Triggers moulting

Question 7

Declining release of ….. influences developmental stages of metamorphosis

Answer 7

Juvenile hormone

Question 8

Ways the nervous and endocrine systems work together

Answer 8

1. Neurons trigger hormone release (neurons in hypothalamus makes hormones released by posterior pituitary gland)
2. Hormones feedback onto nervous systems

Question 9

Epinephrine causes…

Answer 9

1) Liver to convert glycogen to glucose
2) Heart to beat faster
3) Blood vessels to gut and skin to constrict, shunting more blood to muscles
4) Fat cells to release fatty acids (fuel) into blood

Question 10

ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)

• Trigger
• Function
• Target
• Action

Answer 10

Trigger: increased salt concentration in bloods
Function: water is conserved & urine more concentrated
Targets: Kidneys
Action: increase reabsorption of water

Question 11

Oxytocin

• Target 1
• Action 1
• Target 2
• Action 2

Answer 11

1: smooth muscle of uterus, contractions
2: mammary glands, milk release

Question 12

Hormones act by…

Answer 12

1. Affecting expression of gene
2. Altering activity of existing gene
3. Changing permeability of cell membrane

Question 13

Oxytocin is produced in the…. and released form the ….

Answer 13

.