17. EU NAV - Instrument Approach Procedures Flashcards
Types of Approach (10)
(Precision / Non precision)
What is CFIT? (1)
Controlled Flight Into terrain
When is it recommended that all flights must be stabilised for an approach? (1)
1000ft (IMC)
500ft (VMC)
(Above AD elevation)
What criteria makes an approach stabilised? (7)
- The aircraft is on the correct flight path
- Only small changes in heading/pitch are necessary to maintain the correct flight path
- The airspeed is not more than Landing Reference Speed (VREF) + 20kts indicated speed and not less than VREF
- The aircraft is in the correct landing configuration
- Sink rate is no greater than 1000 feet/minute
(if an approach requires a sink rate greater than 1000 feet/minute a special briefing should be conducted) - Power setting is appropriate for the aircraft configuration and is not below the minimum power for the approach as defined by the operating manual
- All briefings and checklists have been conducted
How may an ATCO contribute to an unstabilised approach? (8)
- Late or high rate of decent to intercept ILS
- Late change in runway resulting in a tailwind landing
- Inappropriate vectoring not allowing the correct profile to be flown
- Inappropriate use of speed control
- Incorrect distance from touchdown
- Vectoring for short final
- Glide path interception from above
- Delayed descent
What contributory factors may cause an unstabilised approach? (3)
- Adverse weather
- ATC pressure
- Commercial pressure
What are the 5 segments of an IAP? (5)
- Arrival - STAR
- Initial - IAF
- Intermediate - IF
- Final - FAF / FAP
- Missed - MAPt
What procedures may be given if there is no suitable IF or IAF? (3)
- Reversal procedure
- Racetrack procedure
- Holding pattern
Procedure Turn examples
Base Turn & Racetrack examples
What Obstacle clearance is given during the Intermediate Approach stage? (1)
Obstacle clearance reduces from 1000ft to 500ft
What phases are there on Missed Approach segment? (3)
- Initial - Mapt to start of climb (SOC)
- Intermediate - SOC to 150ft Obstacle clearance
- Final - 150ft Obs clear. To point where new approach, hold or enroute begins
What should a Missed approach have? (5)
- Missed approach kept simple
- Each IAP has a published missed approach procedure
- If the required visual reference is not established at the MAPt, INITIATE A MISSED APPROACH at once
- One MAPt for each IAP
- If missed approach initiated prior to the MAPt, comply with the MA Procedure to remain sector safe
What is OCH? (3)
OCH - Obstacle Clearance Height
- The lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or above the aerodrome elevation as applicable used in establishing compliance with the appropriate obstacle clearance criteria
- When VM(C) area established, OCH is determined for each aircraft Category
What is the Sectorisation of VM(C) area? (1)
Where a sector within the total VM(C) area contains obstacles that would make the OCH normally operationally unacceptable, it is permissible to eliminate this sector from the total VM(C) area, where the sector lies outside the Final and MAP areas
Sectorisation of VM(C) area diagram
What is the lowest point on an IAP? (1)
MDA/MDH
(minimum descent Altitude/Height)
The MDA/H may be lower than the system minimum for the type of approach. True or False?
False
The MDA/H is the lowest you can descend before initiating a missed approach
What is a Step Down Fix?
- Provided in the final approach segment of instrument approach procedures to ensure obstacle clearance if there are significant obstacles under the final approach
- A position and level are published on the instrument approach chart
- In order to ensure obstacle clearance the pilot must ensure he does not descend below the published level until he has passed that position
What is an SRA? (4)
SRA - Surveillance Radar Approach
- Radar Termination Range (RTR) - 2 nm, 1 nm or 0.5 nm
- RTR 2 nm - conducted by radar controller with other tasks
- Vectoring on final approach - plus advisory altitudes/heights
