1.7 Enzymes

Question 1

What are enzymes

Answer 1

a biological catalyst

Question 2

Function of an enzyme

Answer 2

Speeds up chemical reactions, may break apart a single molecule or
bond other molecules together

Question 3

True or false? Enzymes help to break down/build molecules

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True of False? Enzymes are not reusable

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Substrate

Answer 5

the substance that reacts with
an enzyme

Question 6

Active Site

Answer 6

a pocket/groove in an enzyme that
binds to the substrate

Question 7

Induced-Fit Hypothesis

Answer 7

describes how enzymes
change shape to better attach to a substrate

Question 8

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Answer 8

term used to describe
enzymes bonded to substrate(s)

Question 9

Cofactor

Answer 9

non-protein
group that binds to
enzymes and helps them
function

Question 10

Examples of cofactors

Answer 10

Often metals such as
copper, iron, zinc etc.

Question 11

Coenzyme

Answer 11

an organic
molecule that acts as a
cofactor of an enzyme

Question 12

Coenzyme source

Answer 12

may be derived from
vitamins

Question 13

5 factors that Affect Enzyme Activity

Answer 13

Concentration, Enzyme inhibitors, allosteric regulation, feedback inhibition, temperature & pH

Question 14

Concentration and Enzyme Activity

Answer 14

the concentration of both enzyme and
substrate will influence the rate of reaction (Rate of reaction is proportional to Enzyme
Concentration)

Question 15

Enzyme Inhibitors and Enzyme Activity

Answer 15

Bind to enzymes to inhibit activity (Lower enzyme reaction rate)

Question 16

2 types of enzyme inhibitors

Answer 16

Competitive Inhibitor & Non-competitive Inhibitor

Question 17

Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 17

binds to active site to prevent
substrate from binding

Question 18

Non-competitive Inhibitor

Answer 18

binds to enzyme and changes the
shape, indirectly prevents substrate from binding

Question 19

True or false? Enzyme inhibitors are always reversible

Answer 19

False. May be reversible or irreversible

Question 20

True or false? Irreversible Inhibitors are often highly toxic to cells as they
prevent enzymes from functioning

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Allosteric Regulation

Answer 21

regulation of enzyme
function using other molecules that bind to the
enzyme

Question 22

Allosteric Site

Answer 22

a binding site on an enzyme where
allosteric molecules attach

Question 23

Allosteric Inhibition

Answer 23

stabilizes enzyme into an
inactive form (turns enzyme off)

Question 24

Allosteric Activation

Answer 24

stabilizes enzyme into an
active form (turns enzyme on)

Question 25

Feedback inhibition

Answer 25

the regulation of a pathway by one of the products of the pathway (once enough product is produced then the pathway shuts down until more product is needed)

Question 26

Temperature and pH

Answer 26

Enzymes will often only function optimally within a specific range of temperatures and pH levels

Question 27

Application of Enzymes

Answer 27

Treating Lactose Intolerance – take lactase pills to help break down lactose in dairy products Making Cheese – enzymes used to solidify milk into cheese Breaking Down Starch – enzymes used to break down plant starches into sugars Stain Removal – used to break apart certain types of staining molecules without heating