1.3 The Carbon Chemistry of Life Flashcards
True or False: carbon atoms are the base of every organic molecule
True
Carbon forms the _________ of large, complex molecules
backbone
Carbon can assemble into a huge variety of:
CHAIN and RING
structures
What are hydrocarbons
molecules that
only contain Carbon and
Hydrogen
hydrocarbons are commonly used as:
fuels
carbon rings can join to form:
chains and more complicated
3-Dimensional
Structures
Functional group
a group of atoms that
affects the function of a molecule by
participating in chemical reactions
Functional group attach to Carbon structures and give them
specific __________________
chemical characteristics
Functional groups are often:
ionic/strongly polar so are involved in chemical reactions
True or False: Non-polar parts interact in reactions
False
6 types of functional groups
hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amine, phosphate, sulfhydryl
Major class of Hydroxyl and example
alcohol (ethanol)
Major class of carbonyl and example
aldehydes and ketones (acetone)
major class of carboxyl and example
organic acids (acetic acid)
major class of amine and example
amino acids (alanine)
major class of phosphate and example
Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids,
Many Cellular Molecules (Glyceraldehyde – 3 – phosphate
(product of photosynthesis))
major class of sulfhydryl and example
Many Cellular Molecules (Methionine)
functional groups make molecules available for cell use by making them ________________
water soluble (ex. ethanol can be metabolized by the cell as it’s water soluble, but ethane cannot be used even though it has more energy)
Carboxyl can ________ protons (H+). Acts as an acid or base?
release protons, acts as an acid
Amino can ________ protons (H+). Acts as an acid or base?
accept protons to become NH3+, acts as a base
phosphate can ________ protons (H+).
release protons to become PO4-2 (acts as an acid)
Are DNA molecules positive or negative
negative
