1.2 Life's Solvent

Question 1

what is the universal solvent

Answer 1

water

Question 2

___ percent of your body is water

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

all cellular processes occur in:

Answer 3

water

Question 4

All living things contain:

Answer 4

water

Question 5

5 properties of water

Answer 5

Cohesion, Adhesion, High specific heat capacity, High specific heat of vaporization, solid water is less dense than liquid water

Question 6

Cohesion

Answer 6

force of
attraction between like
molecules (water molecules form H bonds with each other - results in surface tension

Question 7

Example of cohesion

Answer 7

allows small insects/spiders
to walk on water

Question 8

Adhesion

Answer 8

force of
attraction between
different molecules (water molecules may
also form hydrogen
bonds with other polar
molecules)

Question 9

Example of adhesion

Answer 9

Helps plants transport
water (sticks to xylem), Allows water to dissolve
polar substances

Question 10

High Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 10

water
can absorb large amounts of thermal
energy when heated (also releases
large amounts of thermal energy as it
cools)

Question 11

Example of high specific heat capacity

Answer 11

Helps organisms maintain a
constant body temperature (holds
heat)

Question 12

High Specific Heat of Vaporization

Answer 12

water absorbs large amounts of
heat as it evaporates

Question 13

Example of High Specific Heat of Vaporization

Answer 13

Many organisms cool themselves
through evaporation (sweating)

Question 14

Solid Water is Less Dense than Liquid Water

Answer 14

Water molecules form a lattice structure as it cools - spreads molecules farther apart - lowers density. Result: ice floats

Question 15

Application of Solid Water is Less Dense than Liquid Water

Answer 15

• Prevents ice from killing aquatic organisms
• Snow has a very high insulation value – keeps
  critters warm in winter

Question 16

Polarity of water molecules

Answer 16

strongly polar

Question 17

Water molecules surround other atoms/molecules and…

Answer 17

prevent
them from reforming

Question 18

Hydrophilic

Answer 18

polar substances
that are attracted to water (ex.
Salt)

Question 19

Hydrophobic

Answer 19

non-polar
substances that are not attracted
to water (ex. Oil)

Question 20

pH scale:

Answer 20

measures
how ACIDIC or BASIC a
solution is

Question 21

Acidic pH:

Answer 21

Low pH

Question 22

pH of Basic:

Answer 22

High pH

Question 23

Neutral

Answer 23

pH 7

Question 24

_____ ions are responsible for acidity

Answer 24

H3O+

Question 25

Acids taste

Answer 25

sour

Question 26

Do acids conduct electricity?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Litmus paper of acids

Answer 27

Turns Blue
Litmus paper Red

Question 28

____ ions are responsible for alkalinity (basic)

Answer 28

OH-

Question 29

Bases taste:

Answer 29

bitter

Question 30

Bases feel

Answer 30

slippery

Question 31

Do bases conduct electricity

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

Litmus paper of bases

Answer 32

Turns red litmus paper blue

Question 33

Strong Acid/Base

Answer 33

completely dissociates in
water (HCl)

Question 34

Weak Acid/Base

Answer 34

only a small percentage of
the molecules dissociate in water (ammonia)

Question 35

Buffer

Answer 35

a chemical that can change pH by accepting or
releasing H+ ions

Question 36

Since most weak acids/bases have reversible reactions they often act as:

Answer 36

buffers

Question 37

Buffer system that helps keep your blood pH levels stable

Answer 37

carbonic acid –> bicarbonate ion + hydrogen ion