1.5 – Proteins and Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Amino Acid

Answer 1

a
molecule that consists
of a carboxyl group and
an amino group

Question 2

What are the most diverse
group of molecules in living
systems?

Answer 2

Proteins (thousands within your own body)

Question 3

Roles of proteins

Answer 3

structural and
functional roles (Spider webs, human hair,
muscle tissue, egg whites)

Question 4

What are Proteins Made of?

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

what are proteins

Answer 5

large molecules made up of amino
acids with a distinct three dimensional shape (CHON)

Question 6

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 6

20 different types of amino
acids (20 different types of R Groups)

Question 7

Differences in the R Groups gives each
amino acid different _______

Answer 7

properties

Question 8

R Groups may be:

Answer 8

positive/negative,
polar/non-polar or may act as
acids/bases

Question 9

What are essential amino acids - how many

Answer 9

amino acids that need
to be acquired through diet (8)

Question 10

8 essential amino acids

Answer 10

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan,
Methionine, Threonine, and Lysine

Question 11

Non-Essential Amino Acids - how many

Answer 11

amino acids that
can be made in the body (12 amino acids)

Question 12

7 types of proteins

Answer 12

Structural, defensive, signal, carrier, recognition & receptor, enzyme, motile

Question 13

Structural protein function and examples

Answer 13

Provides a framework of
support - Hair, tendons, ligaments

Question 14

Defensive protein function and examples

Answer 14

Fights infections - Antibodies

Question 15

Signal protein function and examples

Answer 15

Carries messages - hormones

Question 16

Carrier protein function and examples

Answer 16

Transports materials - Hemoglobin (carries oxygen)

Question 17

Recognition &
Receptor protein function and examples

Answer 17

Cellular markers - Major Histocompatibility
Complex

Question 18

Enzyme protein function and examples

Answer 18

Reaction Catalyst - Amylase

Question 19

Motile protein function and examples

Answer 19

Movement - Actin and myosin

Question 20

How are proteins made?

Answer 20

Build by are built by attaching (attaching a NH2
group to a COOH group by Dehydration
Synthesis)

Question 21

Peptide bond

Answer 21

Resulting bond when proteins are attached via dehydration synthesis

Question 22

Peptide

Answer 22

a chain of
amino acids

Question 23

Polypeptide

Answer 23

a peptide with more than 50
amino acids

Question 24

How many levels of protein structure are there

Answer 24

4: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 25

Primary Structure

Answer 25

chain of amino acids

Question 26

Secondary Structure

Answer 26

coiling/folding of amino acid chains

Question 27

Why does secondary structure occur?

Answer 27

because of hydrogen bonding between different amino acids

Question 28

Tertiary Structure

Answer 28

folding of protein caused by R-group interactions (side groups interact)

Question 29

Quaternary Structure

Answer 29

linking several separate polypeptide chains

Question 30

Denaturation

Answer 30

the loss of both the structure and function of a protein

Question 31

proteins only function in:

Answer 31

a specific set of environmental conditions.

Question 32

Changes in ______________ can alter the shape of proteins causing them to no longer function

Answer 32

pH and Temperature

Question 33

Protein Prosthetic Groups

Answer 33

Proteins can also bond with non-protein structures (Ex. Hemoglobin carries oxygen with the help of four Heme Groups which contain Iron)

Question 34

Nucleic Acids

Answer 34

serve as the assembly instructions for all proteins in living organisms.

Question 35

Two types of Nucleic acids

Answer 35

DNA and RNA

Question 36

DNA function

Answer 36

stores hereditary information (master copy)

Question 37

RNA function

Answer 37

involved in protein synthesis and is the hereditary molecule of some viruses

Question 38

monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 38

nucleotides

Question 39

Nucleotides consists of

Answer 39

a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 40

Two types of nitrogen bases:

Answer 40

purines and pyrimidines

Question 41

Purines

Answer 41

double ringed (adenine and guanine)

Question 42

pyrimidines

Answer 42

single ringed (uracil, thymine, cytosine)

Question 43

What is DNA and RNA

Answer 43

chains of nucleotides, joined together by the phosphate and the sugar by phosphodiester bonds

Question 44

structure of DNA

Answer 44

double stranded, nitrogen bases A,T,G,C, and deoxyribose sugar

Question 45

structure of RNA

Answer 45

single stranded, nitrogen bases A,U,G,C, and ribose sugar

Question 46

Apart from forming nucleic acids, nucleotides also perform:

Answer 46

many functions in cells (ATP and GTP are nucleotides that transport energy)