1.4 carbohydrates and lipids

Question 1

Are carbs large or small

Answer 1

large

Question 2

what is a carbohydrade

Answer 2

organic molecule that consists of Carbon,
Hydrogen and Oxygen

Question 3

function of carbs

Answer 3

many complex cellular functions

Question 4

T or F? carbs are one of the most abundant
biological molecules on
earth

Answer 4

true

Question 5

3 types of carbs

Answer 5

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 6

what is a Monosaccharide

Answer 6

simplest
carbohydrate, consists of a
single sugar molecule

Question 7

Monosaccharides commonly occur as
______________ carbon forms in
living organisms

Answer 7

3,5 and 6

Question 8

Monosaccharides structure:

Answer 8

linear or often ring structures in water

Question 9

T or F? simple sugars may form isomers

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what is an Isomer

Answer 10

a molecule that has the same composition
but different arrangement of atoms (ex. a-glucose and b-glucose)

Question 11

Different chemical arrangements can give
isomers very different functions. List an example.

Answer 11

Starches containing α-glucose are easily
digested by humans; cellulose, made up of
β-glucose, is indigestible

Question 12

Functional group on sugars:

Answer 12

POLAR FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS (generally)

Question 13

Solubility of monosaccharides and disaccharides

Answer 13

highly
soluble in water (as they are hydrophilic)

Question 14

what is a Disaccharide

Answer 14

a simple carbohydrate molecule made
up of TWO monosaccharides

Question 15

How are Monosaccharides joined? What are the resulting bonds called?

Answer 15

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS. Glycosidic Bonds

Question 16

Glycosidic Bond:

Answer 16

a bond between two
monosaccharides

Question 17

Polysaccharide

Answer 17

molecule that
contains more than 2 linked
monosaccharides (Often contain hundreds to
thousands)

Question 18

Polymerization:

Answer 18

the linking of smaller
subunits to create a larger molecule

Question 19

Monomer

Answer 19

a single subunit

Question 20

Polymer

Answer 20

a large molecule that is
formed when monomers link together

Question 21

Cellulose

Answer 21

a polymer of glucose, is the most
abundant organic molecule on earth and
provides structural support for plants

Question 22

Starch

Answer 22

helps store sugar in plants

Question 23

Glycogen

Answer 23

stores sugars in animals

Question 24

Chitin

Answer 24

a structural polysaccharide found in
insects and fungi

Question 25

Solubility of Polysaccharides

Answer 25

hydrophilic but are too large to dissolve in water

Question 26

Functions of carbs

Answer 26

ENERGY SOURCE, polysaccharides are STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

Question 27

examples of Monosaccharides

Answer 27

Glucose, Ribose

Question 28

Examples of Disaccharide

Answer 28

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Question 29

Examples of Polysaccharide

Answer 29

Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen

Question 30

What is a lipid

Answer 30

a non-polar compound that is made mostly of carbon and hydrogen

Question 31

Polarity of lipids

Answer 31

non-polar (hydrophobic)

Question 32

Functions of lipids

Answer 32

Forms cell membranes Energy source Hormones Waterproofing Insulation Cushioning

Question 33

5 major types of lipids

Answer 33

faty acids, fats, phospholipid, steroid, wax

Question 34

Fatty Acid

Answer 34

a molecule that consists of a carboxyl group and a hydrocarbon chain

Question 35

Fats

Answer 35

a combination of fatty acids and glycerol molecules

Question 36

Triglyceride

Answer 36

a fat that contains three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule (via dehydration synthesis)

Question 37

2 types of fats

Answer 37

saturated vs unsaturated fats

Question 38

Saturated Fats

Answer 38

lipids composed of saturated fatty acids with single bonds in their hydrocarbon chain

Question 39

State of saturated fats. Are they healthy?

Answer 39

Solid at room temperature, bad for your health

Question 40

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 40

– lipids composed of unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain

Question 41

State of unsaturated fats. Are they healthy?

Answer 41

Liquid at room temperature, healthier fat

Question 42

Phospholipid

Answer 42

a lipid that contains two fatty acids and a phosphate group bound to a glycerol

Question 43

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 43

a double layered membrane around cells/organelles formed by phospholipids

Question 44

Phosphate and glycerol head - Hydrophilic or phobic? (Phospholipid)

Answer 44

Hydrophilic

Question 45

TWO Fatty Acid Tails - Hydrophilic or phobic? (Phospholipid)

Answer 45

hydrophobic

Question 46

Steroid

Answer 46

a lipid that is composed of 4 carbon rings

Question 47

Function of steroid

Answer 47

Used to make hormones and vitamins

Question 48

Wax

Answer 48

a lipid that is formed when long fatty acid chains are joined to alcohols or carbon rings

Question 49

Function of wax

Answer 49

Form flexible, waterproof coatings on plant/animal parts - build structures such as honeycombs