1.7 Amines and Amides Flashcards
Amine definition
an organic compound, related to ammonia, that contains a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl groups on each molecule
Amines are classified as primary (1°) if ____ alkyl group is attached to the nitrogen atom
one
Amines are classified as secondary (2°) if ____ alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom
two
Amines are classified as tertiary (3°) if all ____ hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl
groups.
three
Small amines are ________ in water.
soluble
Since nitrogen is more electronegative than either carbon or hydrogen, the N-C bonds and any N-H bonds are ______. This polarity
increases the ________ of the van der Waals forces between molecules so more energy
is needed to separate them
polar; strength
True or false:
Amines have higher melting points and
higher boiling points than corresponding hydrocarbon compounds.
True
Amide definition
An organic compound that contains a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to produce _____.
esters
The smaller amides are somewhat soluble in water. This can be explained by the molecules’ ________: the –NH groups form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
As the length of the carbon chain increases, solubility _______.
structure; decreases
Primary amides, with their nitrogen atoms each bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms, have _____ melting points and boiling points than similar amides.
This is likely due to more ______ bonding
between primary amide molecules.
higher; hydrogen
Amines are named by adding the suffix -_______ to the root of the name of the longest alkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom.
The prefix N- indicates that a second (and third) alkyl group is also attached to the _____ atom.
amine; nitrogen
True or false:
Amides can be hydrolyzed to re-form the amine and carboxylic acid.
True
Amides are named with the root of the name of the _______ acid first, followed by the root of the name of the _____, and ending with -amide.
carboxylic; amine
