1.5 Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 1

Carbonyl group

Answer 1

a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, found in organic compounds such as aldehydes and ketones

Question 2

Aldehyde

Answer 2

an organic molecule containing a carbonyl group that is bonded to at least 1 hydrogen atom

Question 3

Ketone

Answer 3

an organic compound that
contains a carbonyl group bonded to
2 carbon atoms

Question 4

When a primary alcohol is oxidized, the oxygen atom and one of the hydrogen atoms remain on the carbon atom, resulting in a carbonyl group on the terminal carbon atom, an _________.

Answer 4

aldehyde

Question 5

A secondary alcohol will also form a carbonyl group, producing a ________

Answer 5

ketone

Question 6

Tertiary alcohols do not react in the same way because no _______ atom is available on an adjacent carbon atom.

Answer 6

hydrogen

Question 7

Small aldehydes and ketones are completely
soluble in water, but solubility _________ as
additional carbons are added to the chain.

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

Oxidation of an ________ …. produces an
aldehyde or a ketone.

Answer 8

alcohol

Question 9

Hydrogenation: double bond is ______; occurs
only under conditions of high temperature
and pressure, and the presence of a catalyst.
PRODUCT is an _______.

Answer 9

broken; alcohol

Question 10

If a carbonyl group is attached to at least 1 hydrogen atom, the molecule is an ________. It is named using the suffix –__.

Answer 10

aldehyde; al

Question 11

If a carbonyl group is attached to 2 carbons, it is a ______- named using suffix –____.

Answer 11

ketone; one

Question 12

Carbonyl groups are polar, and have higher b.p and greater solubility than _______.

Answer 12

alkanes

Question 13

Hydrogenation of an aldehyde produces a ______ alcohol.

Answer 13

primary

Question 14

The hydrogenation of a ketone produces a ________ alcohol.

Answer 14

secondary