1.1 Alkanes Flashcards
Organic Compound
A molecular compound of Carbon, not including CO(g), CO2(G), and HCN(g)
Hydrocarbon
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Saturated Hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon with only single covalent bonds btwn its carbon atoms
Alkane
A saturated hydrocarbon
Cyclic alkane
A hydrocarbon in which the main structure consists of a chain of carbon atoms joined to form a closed ring
Alkyl group
1 or more carbon atoms that form a branch off the main chain of a hydrocarbon
Substituent group
An atom or group that replaces a hydrogen atom in an organic compound
Structural isomer
A compound that has the same molecular formula as another compound, but a different structure
Complete combustion
A chemical rxn in which a compound reacts with oxygen, if the compound is a hydrocarbon, the products of the rxn are CO2, water, and thermal energy
Alkyl halide
An alkane in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been substituted with one or more halogen atoms
Organic chemistry
Study of organic compounds
Carbon-based molecules are ___ ___ for life on Earth
Building blocks
Most fuels are ____
hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon fuels include…
natural gas, gasoline, fuel oil, and diesel fuel
Natural gas is primarily
Methane (CH4)
Butane and propane used for…
heating homes and fuel tools
Carbon-based fuels is a major contributor of ___ ___
Global warming
First 10 Alkanes
Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane
Methane
CH4
Ethane
C2H6
Propane
C3H8
Butane
C4H10
Pentane
C5H12
Hexane
C6H14
Heptane
C7H16
Octane
C8H18
Nonane
C9H20
Decane
C10H22
Physical arrangement of carbon atoms in straight-chain alkane has a _____
Zig-zag configuration
Straight-chain alkanes
Alkanes in which carbon atoms form long chains
Carbon atoms can join to form ___ and ____
Rings and branches
Gen. chem formula for an alkane
CnH2n+2
Gen. formula for cyclic alkanes
CnH2n
Simplest cyclic alkane
Cyclopropane, C3H6
Some hydrocarbons contain one or more hydrocarbon branches attached the main structure of the molecule. This is called an ___ ___
Alkyl group
Alkyl groups are named with the ___ to indicate # of carbon atoms in the branch, and a -yl suffix
prefix
CH3
Methyl group
Group with 2-carbon chain, CH2CH3 is an __ ___
Ethyl group
A substituent group is any atom or group that replaces ___ in an organic molecule
Hydrogen
Most hydrocarbons with ___ or more carbon atoms exhibit structural isomerism
4 or more
Structural isomerism occurs when 2 molecules each have same #s and atom types but different ____ ___
Atoms bond in different way
Butane is a straight-chain molecules, while methyl-propane has a _____ structure (C4H10)
Branched
For a branched hydrocarbon, longest continuous chain of carbon atoms determines ___ ___ for hydrocarbon
Root name
Branch length determined by name of ____ ____
Alkyl group
