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Lab > 17-2 > Flashcards

17-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 methods of blood collection?

A

Capillary and Venipuncture

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2
Q

Capillary Puncture method of choice for:

A
  • pediatric patients
  • extreme obesity
  • severe burns
  • thrombotic tendencies
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3
Q

Capillary puncture is collected from what 4 sites?

A
  • heel
  • finger
  • earlobe
  • toe
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4
Q

First choice of capillary puncture for older infants and elderly is the _______.

A

middle or ring finger

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5
Q

common site for a capillary puncture in infants?

A

plantar surface of the heel perpendicular to the big toe

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6
Q

What is the best method of blood collection?

A

Venipuncture

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7
Q

Can you draw from IV sites?

A

No

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8
Q

Why can you not draw from IV sites?

A
  • Dilutes specimen

* Alters test results

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9
Q

What are the 5 pieces of equipment for Capillary puncture?

A
  • Sterile gauze pads
  • 70% ETOH or Betadine solution
  • Lancet
  • Capillary tubes or QBC Star tube
  • Bandage
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10
Q

How many times do you milk the finger?

A

5-6 times

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11
Q

You can clean the finer with either ______.

A

alcohol pad or povidone-iodine

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12
Q

Any alcohol left on site can cause blood to?

A

Hemolyze

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13
Q

Where do you stab the finger?

A

side of the finger (off center), across the striations of the fingertip

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14
Q

Max depth of lancet should not exceed

A

2mm

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15
Q

Why do you wipe away the first drop of blood?

A

avoid dilution of the specimen with tissue fluid.

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16
Q

Obtain specimen with a capillary tube placed _____

A

horizontally 15 degrees to the fingertip

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17
Q

When collecting blood in the capillary tube what are you trying to avoid?

A

air bubbles

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18
Q

What are the 6 pieces of equipment for Venipuncture method?

A 
1 Sterile gauze
2 alcohol pad
3 latex tourniquet
4 vacutainer needle
5 vacutainer holder
6 vacutainer collection tube
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19
Q

Never perform a venipuncture with a patient standing up.

A

True

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20
Q

How far up do you apply the tourniquet from the antecubital area?

A

2-3 inches

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21
Q

Use enough compression to compress the vein but not the ______

A

artery

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22
Q

When using a blood pressure cuff instead of a tourniquet how many mm/Hg?

A

30mm/Hg

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23
Q

What angle is the needle for venipuncture?

A

15 degrees & bevel up

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24
Q

Have the patient hold pressure after venipuncture for how long?

A

3 min

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25
Q

Gently invert the tubes to prevent ______

A

clotting

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26
Q

Do you label specimens before or after collection?

A

after

27
Q

To obtain a whole blood specimen for testing what must be used?

A

anticoagulant

28
Q

What is EDTA?

A

Ethylene Diamine Tetracetic Acid

29
Q

EDTA is an anticoagulant used in what color tubes?

A

purple

30
Q

What tube is typically used in hematology studies?

A

Purple

31
Q

What 4 hematology studies are purple tops used for?

A

1 CBC
2 Differential WBC
3 ESR
4 A1C

32
Q

What is the most widely used anticoagulant?

A

EDTA

33
Q

What is a chelating agent that binds calcium so blood cannot clot?

A

EDTA

34
Q

Does EDTA effect cellular morphology?

A

No

35
Q

How long can purple top specimens be refrigerated?

A

24 hours

36
Q

Sodium Citrate is what tube color?

A

Light blue

37
Q

What is the liquid anticoagulant used in light blue tops?

A

Sodium Citrate

38
Q

What is typically used for coagulation studies?

A

Light blue/Sodium citrate

39
Q

What 4 coagulation studies are light blue top?

A

1 Prothrombin Time (PT)
2 Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
3 Fibrinogen (Fib)
4 D-dimer

40
Q

How does sodium citrate work?

A

chelating agent that binds calcium

41
Q

How long are light blue tops good for after collection?

A

4 hours

42
Q

Heparin is what color tube?

A

green

43
Q

What is a liquid or powder anticoagulant found in green tops?

A

Heparin

44
Q

What color tubes are typically used for plasma studies and chemistry testing?

A

green tops

45
Q 
What tube color is used for Ammonia and 
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
A

green

46
Q

What anticoagulant works by inhibiting the clotting enzyme thrombin, by creating antithrombin?

A

Heparin

47
Q

Does a red tube top have anticoagulant?

A

No

48
Q

What tube is used for chemistry and serology?

A

red tube

49
Q

Does a gold top/tiger top contain anticoagulant?

A

No

50
Q

What does a gold top/tiger top contain?

A

serum separator gel

51
Q

Which tube is primarily used for chemistry testing?

A

Gold top/Tiger top

52
Q

What tube color uses sodium fluoride?

A

grey tube

53
Q

Which tube is used primarily for glucose studies?

A

grey

54
Q

What inhibits glycolysis in a grey top?

A

Sodium fluoride

55
Q

What color tube is used for ETOH level analysis?

A

grey

56
Q

Why can you not pull blood from an IV site?

A

dilution of the sample with IV fluids

57
Q

Prolonged application of a tourniquet will produce an increase in what?

A

blood cell concentration

58
Q

Using the wrong tube type can result in what?

A

inability to perform the test

59
Q

Using the wrong draw order can result in what?

A

possible contamination

60
Q

Which is drawn first tubes with additives or without?

A

without additives

61
Q

What could a short fill cause?

A

quantity not sufficient to preform test

improper anticoagulant/blood ratio

62
Q

What does not mixing the tube result in?

A

blood clots

63
Q

What are 4 blood draw complications?

A

1 Syncope
2 Infection
3 Continual bleeding
4 Hematoma

Lab (12 decks)

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