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Lab > 16-1 > Flashcards

16-1 Flashcards

1
Q

liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by extracellular matrix?

A

Blood

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2
Q

What are the 3 general functions of blood:

A
  1. Transportation
  2. Regulation
  3. Protection
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3
Q

What does blood transport?

A
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • nutrients
  • waste
  • heat
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4
Q

What does blood regulate?

A
  • pH
  • temp
  • osmotic pressure
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5
Q

What does blood protect against?

A

blood clots and disease

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6
Q

Oxygen binds to what molecule in RBCs?

A

iron

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7
Q

What is the temp of blood?

A

38C/100.4F

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8
Q

pH of blood is slightly what?

what is the range?

A

alkaline

7.35-7.45

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9
Q

Blood constitutes how much of our total body weight?

A

8%

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10
Q

average blood volume for males?

A

5 -6 liters

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11
Q

average blood volume for females?

A

4-5 liters

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12
Q

whole blood is composed of what 2 portions?

A
  1. blood plasma
  2. formed elements
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13
Q

How much of whole blood is blood plasma?

and formed elements?

A

55%

45%

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14
Q

More than 99% of formed elements are ________,

the remaining 1% is ________.

A

RBCs

WBCs

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15
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

total RBCs in the total amount of blood

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16
Q

Hematocrit for males

A

42%-52%

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17
Q

Hematocrit for females?

A

37%-47%

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18
Q

What is buffy coat made of?

A

WBCs and platelets

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19
Q

Blood plasma is ___% water,

___% proteins,

and __% other solutes

A

91.5%

7%

1.5%

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20
Q

proteins in blood are synthesized by?

A

the liver

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21
Q

most plentiful plasma proteins are what?

A

albumins

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22
Q

Male RBCs

A

5.4 million

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23
Q

Female RBCs

A

4.8 million

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24
Q

What gives whole blood its red color?

A

hemoglobin

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25
Q

How long do RBCs live?

A

120 days

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26
Q

WBC normal range

A

5k-10k

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27
Q

How long do WBC live?

A

few hours to a few days

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28
Q

How are WBC and RBC different?

A

WBC have nuclei and other organelles

and no hemoglobin

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29
Q

What are the 5 types of WBCs?

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. eosinophils
  3. basophils
  4. monocytes
  5. lymphocytes
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30
Q

What are granular leukocytes?

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. eosinophils
  3. basophils
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31
Q

what % of WBC are neutrophils?

A

50-70%

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32
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

destroy bacteria

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33
Q

what % of WBC are eosinophils?

A

1-5%

34
Q

What do eosinophils do?

A
  1. suppress effects of histamine in allergic reactions
  2. destroy parasitic worms
35
Q

what % of WBC are basophils?

A

0-1%

36
Q

What do basophils do?

A

release heparin, histamine, and serotonin

inflammatory response in allergic reactions

37
Q

Lymphocytes have what 3 cells?

A

T cells

B cells

Natural killer cells

38
Q

what % of WBC are lymphocytes?

A

20-40%

39
Q

what do lymphocytes do?

A

mediates immune responses, including antigen antibody reactions

40
Q

B cells will transform into _______ that secrete ________ .

A

plasma cells

antibodies

41
Q

what % of WBC are monocytes?

A

1-6%

42
Q

what do monocytes do?

A

Phagocytic (transform into wandering macrophage)

43
Q

Normal platelet range?

A

150,000 – 400,000/uL

44
Q

How long do platelets live?

A

5-9 days

45
Q

what do platelets do?

A

Form platelet plug during hemostasis

46
Q

The process by which the formed elements of blood develop is called

A

Hemopoiesis

47
Q

what is the primary site of hemopoiesis?

A

Red bone marrow

48
Q

Pluripotent Stem Cells develop into what 2 different cell types?

A
  1. Myeloid
  2. Lymphoid
49
Q

Myeloid stem cells differentiate into what 7 types of cells?

A
  1. Red cells
  2. Platelets
  3. Eosinophils
  4. Mast cells
  5. Basophils
  6. Neutrophils
  7. Monocytes
50
Q

what are the 3 lymphoid stem cells?

A
  1. T Cells
  2. B Cells
  3. Natural Killer Cells
51
Q

what are the 2 types of immature cells?

A
  1. bands
  2. blast
52
Q

what % is considered abnormal and maybe due to a left shift?

A

>10%

53
Q

what is a sequence of responses that stops bleeding when blood vessels are injured?

A

Hemostasis

54
Q

what are 3 mechanisms that can reduce loss of blood from blood vessels?

A
  1. Vascular spasm
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Blood clotting (coagulation)
55
Q

what is vascular spasms?

A

blood vessels contract

56
Q

what is Platelet Plug Formation?

A

platelets stick together

57
Q

what is blood clotting?

A

blood thickens to gel

58
Q

what is plasma minus the clotting proteins?

A

serum

59
Q

what are the 3 stages of clotting?

A
  1. Prothrombinase is formed
  2. Prothrombinase converts prothrombin into thrombin
  3. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin
60
Q

what interferes with the clotting process?

A

smoking

61
Q

what activates to begin digesting and dissolving fibrin threads thus removing the clot?

A

plasmin

62
Q

A clot is also called a

A

Thrombus

63
Q

A mobile clot is a

A

Embolus

64
Q

Antigens are also called?

A

Agglutinogens

65
Q

2 major blood groups:

A
  1. ABO
  2. Rh
66
Q

only antigen A

A

type A blood.

67
Q

only antigen B

A

type B

68
Q

both A and B antigens

A

type AB

69
Q

neither antigen A nor B

A

type O

70
Q

perfect 1 to 1 to 1 ratio

A

RBCs, plasma, platelets

71
Q

People with Rh antigen are considered

A

Rh positive

72
Q

People without Rh antigen are considered

A

Rh negative

73
Q

One unit will usually bring up the hemoglobin by _____?

A

1 g/dL

74
Q

Current guidelines suggest giving units once hemoglobin falls below

A

7-8g/dL

75
Q

for every unit of packed RBCs given you should give a unit of ________?

A

plasma and platelets

76
Q

RBC’s can be stored in refrigerator up to?

A

35 days

77
Q

Frozen RBC’s can be frozen for up to

A

10 years

78
Q

After deglycing, blood can be stored in refrigerator for?

A

14 days

79
Q

Before transfusion, the recipient and donor’s blood need to be _________, to avoid __________

A

typed and crossmatched

hemolytic transfusion reactions

80
Q

What are S&S of hemolytic transfusion reactions?

A

Fever, chills, backache, headache

81
Q

What do you do to treat Hemolytic transfusion reactions?

A
  1. Stop transfusion immediately
  2. Acetaminophen
  3. Diphenhydramine
  4. Hydrocortisone

Lab (12 decks)

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