16.1 The cell cycle

Question 1

Rudolph Virchow

Answer 1

concluded that new cells arise only form the division of other cells

Question 2

cell cycle +two stages (3)

Answer 2

• growth stage
• division stage
  life cycle of the cell

Question 3

DNA (3)

Answer 3

• where genetic information of a cell is contained,
• a molecule of nucleic acid that governs processes of heredity in the cells of organisms
• found in each chromosome of a cell

Question 4

chromosome (2)

Answer 4

• a length of DNA and its associated proteins

- found in the nucleus

Question 5

Histones

Answer 5

highly organized arrangements of proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units to make it fit

Question 6

Chromatin (3)+ what happens in cellular division?

Answer 6

• Long interlined strands of genetic material
• most of a cell’s life its genetic matter is in this state

As the genetic material is reorganized during the process of cellular division, the threads of chromatin condense and become visible under a light microscope as distinct chromosomes.

Question 7

Centromere

Answer 7

• the constricted pinched in region in the condensed chromosome

Question 8

How many chromosomes do human somatic cells have? (The details of the separations) (3)

Answer 8

46 chromosomes

• 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes=autosomes
• twos ex chromosomes

Question 9

Homologous chromosomes: (3)

Answer 9

• carry the same genes
• not identical to each other
• they carry different forms or alleles of the same gene

Question 10

Diploid (2)

Answer 10

A cell that contains pairs of homologous chromosomes

- 2n=46

Question 11

Haploid with example (3)

Answer 11

• a cell that contains umpaired chromosomes
• Human gametes or repro cells
• n=23

Question 12

Polypoid+ex: (2)

Answer 12

• have sets of more than two homologous chromosomes

- 4n/3n/8n

Question 13

similarity of homologous chromosomes (3)

Answer 13

• length
• centromere location
• banding pattern

Question 14

karyotype

Answer 14

the particular set of chromosomes that an individual possess

Question 15

Interphase+ ends when (5)

Answer 15

• growth phase
• most of the life of the cell is spent in this stage
• cell carries out its regular metabolic functions and prepares for its next division.
• three phases in interphase: G1, G2, S
• ends when the cell gains the process of nuclear division: mitosis

Question 16

G1

Answer 16

Rapid growth and metabolic activity

Question 17

S phase (3)

Answer 17

DNA synthesis and replication

• cell DNA is copied
• DNA in the chromatin replicates to create a second identical set

Question 18

G2 (4)

Answer 18

Cell prepares for division

• second growth period
• allows cell to rebuild its reserves of energy to prepare for division
• manufactures proteins and other molecules to make structures for division

Question 19

2 main processes in cell division:

Answer 19

• Mitosis

- cytokinesis

Question 20

Mitosis

Answer 20

the division of the genetic material and the contents of the nucleus into two complete and separate sets

Question 21

Cytokinesis

Answer 21

The division of the cytoplasm and the organelles into two separate cells