13.1 The glands and hormones of the endocrine system

Question 1

The body that facilitate cellular communication and control are

Answer 1

the nervous system

the endocrine system

Question 2

What endocrine glands do:

Answer 2

Secrete chemical messengers called hormones directly in the bloodstream which transport the hormone throughout the body

Question 3

Endocrine system includes:

Answer 3

The endocrine glands and the hormones that they secrete

Question 4

How do hormones affect their target cell?

Answer 4

each target cell contains receptor proteins. Circulating hormones bind to their specific receptor proteins much like a jet fits in a lock.

When the hormone binds to its receptor this trigger other reactions in the target cells.

Question 5

Hormones are composed of either

Answer 5

lipid or amino acids

Question 6

Lipid soluble hormone

Answer 6

• testosterone
  estrogen
  cortisol

These hormones can easily diffuse through the lipid bilateral of cell membranes. Inside the target cell, steroid hormones bind to their receptor proteins. This interaction activates specific genes, causing changes in the cell

Question 7

Water soluble hormones

Answer 7

Epinephrine
hgh
thyroxine
insulin

• cannot diffuse across the cell membrane. They bind to a receptor protein on the surface of the target cell. This starts a cascade of reactions inside the target cell (each reaction that occurs in the target cell triggers many other reactions. The impact of the hormone is greatly amplified)

Question 8

negative feedback loop

Answer 8

When a certain blood concentration of hormone is reached or when target cells have responded to a specific hormone, the endocrine gland releasing the hormone is inhibited

Question 9

ADH

urine
bp*

Answer 9

when the blood plasma becomes too concentrated, receptors in the hypothalamus detect this and send a neural signal to the posterior pituitary gland to release ADH.

ADH targets the nephrons of the kidneys, causing the tubules to become more permeable to water.
- more water is reabsorbed, the body excrete less urine and blood pressure increases

Question 10

Diabetes insipidus+ how to treat

Answer 10

condition in which a person produces large volumes of urine with a resulting loss of ions from the blood

• treated by administering ADH

Question 11

Tropic hormone

Answer 11

hormones released (usually anterior pituitary and hypothalamus) that target other endocrine glands.

• stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones.

Question 12

Endocrine glands have no….

Answer 12

ducts