13.4 Hormonal regulation of blood sugar

Question 1

Pancrease (2)

Answer 1

• behind the stomach

- exocrine gland

Question 2

islets of langerhans (2)

Answer 2

• in the pancreas

- secretes two hormones: insulin and glucagon

Question 3

Beta cell of the pancreas

Answer 3

secrete insulin which decreases the level of blood glucose

Question 4

Alpha cells of the pancreas

Answer 4

increases the level of blood glucose

Question 5

Describe the process insulin is released:

Answer 5

When you eat a meal, your digestive system breaks down the food and releases a substantial amount of glucose into your bloodstream. When the blood glucose levels rise, the pancreatic beta cells secrete appropriate amounts of insulin

Question 6

Insulin

Answer 6

circulates throughout the body and acts on specific receptors to make the target cells more permeable to glucose. It especially affects muscles cells which use large amounts of glucose in cellular reparation and liver cells where glucose is converted into glycogen for temporary storage. Other cells of the body also take in and use glucose for energy. As the Glucose levels in the blood returns, insulin secretion slows.

Question 7

Glucagon+ what it is stimulated by (2)

Answer 7

Stimulates the liver to convert glycogen back to glucose which is released into the blood.

low blood sugar stimulates the alpha cells to release glucagon

Question 8

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 8

occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or does not respond properly to insulin.

• blood sugar tend to rise sharply after meals

Question 9

Without insulin…. (2)

Answer 9

cells remain relatively impermeable to glucose and cannot obtain enough from the blood.
The individual experiences fatigue as the cells become staved for glucose.

Question 10

Symptoms of diabetes (4)

Answer 10

glucose in urine because kidney cannot reabsorb all the glucose from the blood.

large volumes of water follow the glucose by osmosis into the kidneys and get excreted

low energy

great thirst

Question 11

Type 1 diabetes (4)

Answer 11

• insulin dependent
• the immune system produces antibodies that attack and destroy the beta cells of the pancreas
• Must have daily insulin injection to live
• beta cells degenerate and are unable to produce insulin

Question 12

Type 2 diabetes (2)

Answer 12

• tends to develop gradually often because the insulin receptors on the body’s cells stop responding to insulin
• beta cells of the pancreas produce less insulin over time