16.1 - 16.2 evolution - darwin’s discovery & shaping darwin’s thinking

Question 1

What is evolution?

Answer 1

• Darwin developed this scientific discovery
  
  • modern organisms evolved over long periods of time
    
    • through descent from common ancestors

Question 2

What insight does Darwin’s theory offer us in the 21st century?

Answer 2

The living world is constantly changing.
Modern phenomena - drug-resistant bacteria, newly emerging diseases: avian flu.

Question 3

Darwin wasn’t merely interested in describing the great diversity he witnessed on his journey, he wanted to…

Answer 3

explain it in a scientific way

Question 4

Darwin’s Distinct Patterns of Biological Diversity: Species Vary Globally:

Answer 4

He noticed that different, yet ecologically similar animal species inhabited separated, but ecologically similar, habitats around the globe. Ex: rheas vs ostriches

Question 5

Darwin’s Distinct Patterns of Biological Diversity: Species Vary Locally:

Answer 5

Darwin noticed - different, yet related, animal species often occupied different habitats within a local area Ex) rheas: South America vs Rheas: Argentina. Grassland vs scrubland

Question 6

Darwin’s Distinct Patterns of Biological Diversity: Species Vary Over Time:

Answer 6

Darwin noticed that some fossils of extinct animals were similar to living species
Ex)glyptodon vs armadillo

Question 7

What conclusion did Darwin arrive at?

Answer 7

Species are not fixed and they can change by some natural process.

Question 8

Who had come up with the first hypotheses concerning evolution?

Answer 8

Jean Baptiste Lamarack

Question 9

Claims of French Scientist Jean Baptiste Lamarack: Organisms could change during their lifetimes by…

Answer 9

selectively using or not using various body parts.

Question 10

Claims of French Scientist Jean Baptiste Lamarack: Individuals could pass these acquired traits on to their… _________ enabling _____?

Answer 10

offspring. Enabling species to change over time.

Question 11

This French Scientist (Jean Baptiste Lamarack) promoted

Answer 11

Darwin

Question 12

Jean Baptiste Lamarack said that:

Answer 12

Organisms change the size and shape of their organs to survive.

Question 13

What are acquired characteristics?

Answer 13

Traits altered by an indivisible organism during its life.

Question 14

Hypotheses (corrected):

Answer 14

1. Organisms don’t have an inborn drive to be perfect.
2. Evolution doesn’t progress in a predetermined direction.
3. Traits acquired during their lifetimes can’t be passed to offspring.

Question 15

What was accurate about Lamarack’s hypotheses?

Answer 15

there is a link between an organism’s environment and its body structure

Question 16

Thomas Malthus’ Theory:

Answer 16

If the human population grew unchecked, there would not be enough living space and food for everyone.

Question 17

In what way did Malthus’ theory influence Darwin?

Answer 17

• Malthus’s reasoning applied more to other organisms than did to humans
• Darwin was convinced that species evolved

Question 18

What is Artificial Selection?

Answer 18

The variations of organisms is produced by nature, however humans select those they find useful.