11.1 - 11.2 - the father of genetics

Question 1

What are genetics?

Answer 1

The study of heredity. It is the key to understanding what makes each organism unique.

Question 2

Where do organisms inherent their characteristics from?

Answer 2

parent (s)

Question 3

The transfer of these characteristics from one generation to the next is known as…

Answer 3

heredity

Question 4

The father of modern genetics is…

Answer 4

Gregor Mendel

Question 5

Gregor Mendel’s background?

Answer 5

• Austrialian monk
• worked with peas
• peas became that model and they became the
  model system

Question 6

What is fertilization?

Answer 6

A process where reproductive cells join during sexual reproduction to produce a new cell.

Question 7

What did Gregor Mendel work with to conduct his studies? Why?

Answer 7

This scientist worked with peas. Which would be later known as a model system because they could produce hundreds of offspring and were easy to
grow.

Question 8

Specific characteristics are referred to as…

Answer 8

traits

Question 9

Examples of traits:

Answer 9

Such as a seed color or plant height, of an individual. Many traits vary from one individual to another.

Question 10

Cross pollination occurs when…

Answer 10

you take the mile part off of a plant and use it to pollinate another plant

Question 11

What is produced from a cross pollination?

Answer 11

a plant that has two different parents

Question 12

Mendel’s first conclusion:

Answer 12

Individuals’ traits are determined by genes that are passed from one parental generation to the next.

Question 13

What is the Principle of Dominance?

Answer 13

some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Question 14

What is F1?

Answer 14

The offspring of a pair of plants (the P), or parental generation. The F1 is the first filial generation.

Question 15

What are alleles?

Answer 15

Different forms of a gene.

Question 16

What did Mendel discover when he allowed the F1 hybrids to self pollinate?

Answer 16

That the recessive allele reappeared

Question 17

How often did the aforementioned occur in F2’s?

Answer 17

1⁄4

Question 18

The reappearance of the recessive allele proves…

Answer 18

At some point, the allele for shortness had separated from the allele for the tallness.

Question 19

The reappearance of the recessive allele is also known as…

Answer 19

Segregation or separation

Question 20

What are gametes?

Answer 20

sex cells

Question 21

Explain what takes place during the gamete formation that enables segregation.

Answer 21

Alleles for each gene separate/segregate from one another during the formation of sex cells so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

Question 22

Allele Combinations: 2 Different Alleles =

Answer 22

heterozygous

Question 23

Allele Combinations: 2 Identical Alleles =

Answer 23

homozygous

Question 24

Genetic Makeup =

Answer 24

genotype
- inherited

Question 25

Physical Characteristics =

Answer 25

phenotype
- “To show”
- largely determined by the genotypes

Question 26

Punnet Square =

Answer 26

Uses probability to help predict the genotype and the phenotype combinations in genetic crosses by using a chart and segreatating all possible alleles

Question 27

What is the Principle of Independent Assortment?

Answer 27

Genes for different traits can segregate independently during a gamete formation.

Question 28

Explain what the Principle of Independent Assortment means:

Answer 28

Traits do not influence other traits because they separate during formation.

Question 29

Traits are passed down from parent to offspring. Which are determined by…

Answer 29

these factors (genes).