16: Genetic Resemblance pt4

Question 1

What is the tabular method used for

Answer 1

Calculate the inbreeding and relationship coefficients for complex pedigrees, or several inbreeding & relationship coeffs

Question 2

Rules of the tabular method

Answer 2

1. Numerator relationship between individuals X and Y = average num relationship btw X and parents of Y
2. Numerator relationship btw an individual and itself is 1 + inbreeding coefficient
3. Individuals Fx = half the numerator relationship btw its parents
4. Rxy of rel btw X and Y = num rel btw them divided by denominator

Question 3

Equation for relationship of animal to itself

Answer 3

r(xx) = 1 + Fx

Question 4

Coefficient of inbreeding of X is equal to…

Answer 4

half the numerator relationship between X’s parents

Fx = (1/2) R(SxDx)

Question 5

Slide 14**

Answer 5

rules and equations

Question 6

Steps for the tabular method

Answer 6

1. Order all animals by birth date, earliest to latest. No offspring before parents
2. Create square table listing all animals in order across top and down the side
3. Write parents of each animal above it at the top of the table. Unknown parent = (,)
4. Proceed from left to right and fill in first row of numerator relationships
5. Copy the values in first row of table to first column of table
6. Rule 1 for off-diagonal elements and rules 2 & 3 for diagonal elements
7. To determine individuals Fx, find their diagonal element and subtract 1
8. To determine Rxy btw X and Y, find the off-diagonal element and divide by denominator

Question 7

Slide 18-34

Answer 7

Tabular method example*** understand everything

Question 8

What is r(xx)

Answer 8

Numerator relationship between X and itself

r(xx) = 1 + Fx

Question 9

How do you find Fx using the tabular method

Answer 9

Half of the numerator relationship between its parents r(x,y)

Question 10

How do you calculate the numerator relationship between X and Y

Answer 10

r(xy) = half the numerator relationship of X to the dam of Y plus half the numerator relationship of X to the sire of Y

Question 11

How do you find Wright’s coefficient of relationship using the diagonal and off-diagonal elements?

Answer 11

Rcd = numerator relationship of CD (off-diagonal) divided by square root 1+Fc times square root of 1+Fd

Fc and Fd found using diagonal elements (r(cc) minus 1)

Question 12

How do you find Fx and Rxy using genomic matrix based on DNA markers

Answer 12

More closely related animals will have similarity in genotypes (same SNPs)

Question 13

Why is GRM more accurate than Rxy?

Answer 13

Captures actual genotypes while Rxy is a pedigree average

Question 14

What is BLUP

Answer 14

Best Linear Unbiased Prediction
Predict BV of a selection candidate using information on relatives