16 - 18

Question 1

peripheral

Answer 1

1 formal not as important as other things or people in a particular activity, idea, or situation. Like inferior or subordinate
a diplomat who had a peripheral role in the negotiations
Her involvement in the case was peripheral.
peripheral to
The romance is peripheral to the main plot of the movie.
2 formal in the outer area of something, or relating to this area
the city’s peripheral suburbs
the peripheral nervous system
3 → peripheral vision
your ability to see things to the side of you when you look straight ahead

Question 2

indispensable

Answer 2

someone or something that is indispensable is so important or useful that it is impossible to manage without them SYN essential
indispensable to
This book is indispensable to anyone interested in space exploration.
indispensable for/in (doing) something
Meat is not indispensable for maintaining a healthy diet.
Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our lives.
Dispensable: not necessary or important and so easy to get rid of.

Question 3

demarcation

Answer 3

1 the point at which one area of work, responsibility etc ends and another begins
demarcation between
traditional lines of demarcation between medicine and surgery
2 the process of deciding on or marking the border between two areas of land
demarcation of
the exact demarcation of the north-south boundary

Question 4

subordinate

Answer 4

1 in a less important position than someone else
a subordinate officer
subordinate to
Women were subordinate to men.
2 less important than something else SYN secondary
subordinate to
These aims were subordinate to the main aims of the mission.

Question 5

dichotomy

Answer 5

the difference between two things or ideas that are completely opposite OPP analogy
dichotomy between
a dichotomy between his public and private lives

Question 6

contaminate

Answer 6

pollute

Question 7

transcend

Answer 7

to go beyond the usual limits of something
The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers.
The underlying message of the film is that love transcends everything else.

Question 8

endeavour

Answer 8

to try very hard
endeavour to do something
We always endeavor to please our customers.

Question 9

tepid

Answer 9

1 a feeling, reaction etc that is tepid shows a lack of excitement or interest SYN lukewarm
a tepid response from the audience
2 tepid liquid is slightly warm, especially in a way that seems unpleasant SYN lukewarm
tepid coffee

Question 10

premise

Answer 10

a statement or idea that you accept as true and use as a base for developing other ideas
The idea that there is life on other planets is the central premise of the novel. ایده اصلی
premise that
the premise that an accused person is innocent until they are proved guilty

Question 11

consequential

Answer 11

1 happening as a direct result of a particular event or situation Corollary.concomitant
redundancy and the consequential loss of earnings
2 important SYN significant OPP inconsequential
a consequential decision

Question 12

downplay

Answer 12

to make something seem less important than it really is SYN play down
White House officials attempted to downplay the president’s role in the affair.

Question 13

scatter

Answer 13

1 if someone scatters a lot of things, or if they scatter, they are thrown or dropped over a wide area in an irregular way
scatter (something) over/around/across etc something
Scatter the onions over the fish.
The flowers fell and scattered on the ground.پخش و پلا کردن
2 if a group of people or animals scatter, or if something scatters them, they move quickly in different directions
The sound of gunfire made the crowd scatter in all directions.

Question 14

playwright

Answer 14

someone who writes plays SYN dramatist

Question 15

paradigm

Answer 15

1 technical a model or example that shows how something works or is produced
paradigm of
the basic paradigm of the family tree
2 formal a very clear or typical example of something
paradigm of
Pius XII remained the paradigm of what a pope should be.

Paradigmatic: exemplar

Question 16

hideous

Answer 16

extremely unpleasant or ugly
a hideous dress
hideous crimes
Dinnertime that day was hideous.

Question 17

exceed

Answer 17

1 to be more than a particular number or amount
Working hours must not exceed 42 hours a week.
His performance exceeded our expectations.
2 to go beyond what rules or laws say you are allowed to do
He was fined for exceeding the speed limit.
The riot police had exceeded their authority.

Question 18

subsequent

Answer 18

happening or coming after something else → consequent
These skills were passed on to subsequent generations.
subsequent pages of the book
subsequent to something
events that happened subsequent to the accident

Question 19

revive

Answer 19

1 [transitive] to bring something back after it has not been used or has not existed for a period of time
Local people have decided to revive this centuries-old tradition.
2 [intransitive, transitive] to become healthy and strong again, or to make someone or something healthy and strong again → recover
The economy is beginning to revive.
an attempt to revive the steel industry
The doctors revived her with injections of glucose.
3 [transitive] to produce a play again after it has not been performed for a long time
A London theatre has decided to revive the 1950s musical ‘In Town’.

Question 20

analogy

Answer 20

something that seems similar between two situations, processes etc
analogy with/to/between
analogies between human and animal behaviour
draw/make an analogy (=make a comparison)
She drew an analogy between childbirth and the creative process.
by analogy with
Dr Wood explained the movement of light by analogy with (=using the analogy of) the movement of water.

Question 21

consensus

Answer 21

an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts SYN agreement
consensus on/about
a lack of consensus about the aims of the project

Question 22

palpable

Answer 22

1 a feeling that is palpable is so strong that other people notice it and can feel it around them OPP impalpable SYN perceptible, tangible
There was a palpable sense of relief among the crowd.
2 [only before noun] complete
What he said is palpable nonsense.

Question 23

nugatory

Answer 23

having no value. worthless
However, that sort of reference was nugatory because the money did not follow the patient.

Question 24

Seeing with fresh eyes

Answer 24

in English means seeing familiar things as if you’ve never seen them before.
از ی زاویه جدید به قضیه نگاه کردن

Question 25

omnivore

Answer 25

an animal that eats both meat and plants

herbivore
an animal that only eats plants
carnivore
an animal that eats meat

Question 26

recalcitrant

Answer 26

refusing to do what you are told to do, even after you have been punished SYN unruly
It is a daunting problem, and it has been a recalcitrant problem,” Dr. Jernigan said.
a recalcitrant pupil

Question 27

fractured

Answer 27

broken or cracked
fractured skull/jaw/rib etc
She suffered a fractured skull in the accident.

Question 28

obfuscate

Answer 28

to deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand.قضیه رو پیچوندن
in the face of the fractured Polity the monarchist party attempted to use the notion of the collective National destiny to obfuscate the differences among the Nations people and thus to Garner an artificial consensus.