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Question 1

fathom

Answer 1

to understand what something means after thinking about it carefully SYN work out. Plumb
I still can’t fathom out what she meant.
fathom how/why/where etc
Mark couldn’t fathom why she resented him so much.

Question 2

lag

Answer 2

to move or develop more slowly than others
lag behind
She stopped to wait for Ian who was lagging behind.
Britain is lagging behind the rest of Europe.

Question 3

somnolent

Answer 3

1 almost starting to sleep SYN sleepy like lethargy
He lay quiet, somnolent after the day’s exertions.
2 making you want to sleep SYN soporific
a somnolent summer’s afternoon

Question 4

render

Answer 4

1 to cause someone or something to be in a particular condition.
He was rendered almost speechless by the news.
The blow to his head was strong enough to render him unconscious.
2 formal to give something to someone or do something, because it is your duty or because someone expects you to
an obligation to render assistance to those in need
render a decision/opinion/judgment etc
It is unlikely that the court will render an opinion before November 5.
a bill of $3200 for services rendered (=for something you have done)
3 to translate something
4 to express or present something in a particular way.

Question 5

aspire

Answer 5

to desire and work towards achieving something important
aspire to
college graduates aspiring to careers in finance
aspire to do something
At that time, all serious artists aspired to go to Rome.

Question 6

stodgy

Answer 6

if someone or something is stodgy, they are boring and formal or old-fashioned – used to show disapproval
a stodgy play
acting according to old, established methods and unwilling to change or consider new ideas:
one of the stodgiest and most private of the nation’s banks

Question 7

unsubstantiated

Answer 7

not proved to be true. like speculative
unsubstantiated allegations of child abuse

Question 8

fragmented

Answer 8

if an industry or business activity is fragmented, there are many companies involved in it SYN SEGMENTED
It’s a fragmented industry dominated by smaller companies.

Question 9

surmount

Answer 9

1 to succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty SYN overcome
He has had to surmount immense physical disabilities.
2 to be above or on top of something
a tower surmounted by a dome

Question 10

windfall

Answer 10

like boon or benefit
Lucky you! You just won the lottery and your windfall will make life very comfortable for you and your family. A windfall is a crazy bit of unexpected good fortune.

Question 11

inextricable

Answer 11

two or more things that are inextricable are ((closely related)) and affect each other
the inextricable connection between language and culture

Question 12

consensus

Answer 12

an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts SYN agreement or accord
consensus on/about
a lack of consensus about the aims of the project
The EU Council of Finance Ministers failed to reach a consensus on the pace of integration.
Like unanimous

Question 13

accord

Answer 13

a situation in which two people, ideas, or statements agree with each other
be in accord with something
These results are in accord with earlier research.
in perfect/complete accord
It is important to the success of any firm that its partners should be in complete accord.
3 [countable] a formal agreement between countries or groups
the Helsinki accord on human rights

Question 14

temperate

Answer 14

adj
متعادل
like equable
temperate climate/zone/region etc
behaviour that is temperate is calm and sensible OPP intemperate

Question 15

orthodox

Answer 15

1 orthodox ideas, methods, or behaviour are accepted by most people to be correct and right SYN conventional OPP unorthodox (unorthodox opinions or methods are different from what is usual or accepted by most people)
orthodox medical treatments
He challenged the orthodox views on education.
2 someone who is orthodox has the opinions and beliefs that are generally accepted as being right, and does not have new or different ideas
Orthodox economists believe that a recession is now inevitable.
an orthodox Marxist
3 believing in all the traditional beliefs, laws, and practices of a religion
an orthodox Jew

Question 16

rattle

Answer 16

1 if you rattle something, or if it rattles, it shakes and makes a quick series of short sounds
Dan banged on her door and rattled the handle.
The window rattled in the wind.
Bottles rattled as he stacked the beer crates.
2 informal~ to make someone lose confidence or become nervous
His mocking smile rattled her more than his anger.
It was hard not to get rattled when the work piled up.
His confidence was rattled by the accident.

Question 17

apt

Answer 17

1 → be apt to do something
tend to
Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays.
2 exactly right for a particular situation or purpose SYN appropriate
‘Love at first sight’ is a very apt description of how he felt when he saw her.
The punishment should be apt for the crime.
3 → an apt pupil/student
a student who is quick to learn and understand SYN able

Question 18

affirm

Answer 18

1 to state publicly that something is true SYN confirm
The general affirmed rumors of an attack.
affirm that
A spokesman for the company affirmed that a merger was likely.
2 to strengthen a feeling, belief, or idea
He claims that modern physics affirms his Christian beliefs.

Question 19

plebeian

Answer 19

relating to ordinary people and what they like, rather than to people from a high social class – used to show disapproval. like humble or demotic
a man with plebeian tastes
The food selection - hot dogs and beer - was rather plebeian.

humble
1 not considering yourself or your ideas to be as important as other people’s OPP proud → humility
a modest and humble man
2 having a low social class or position
He started his career as a humble peanut farmer.

Question 20

sumptuous

Answer 20

very impressive and expensive
After a sumptuous repast he asked the Mayor whether the gallows was prepared.
A sumptuous meal

presumptuous زیاده خواهی
doing something that you have no right to do and that seems rude
is it presumptuous (of somebody) to do something
Would it be presumptuous of me to ask why you are so miserable?

Question 21

coat

Answer 21

to cover something with a thin layer of something else
A layer of snow coated the trees.
coat something with/in something
Next, coat the fish with breadcrumbs.

Question 22

embody

Answer 22

represent
1 to be a very good example of an idea or quality
She embodies everything I admire in a teacher.
2 formal to include something
The latest model embodies many new improvements.

Question 23

repress

Answer 23

1 to stop yourself from doing something you want to do. like hold back. Encumber. Hobble
Brenda repressed the urge to shout at him.
I repressed a smile.
2 if someone represses upsetting feelings, memories etc, they do not allow themselves to express or think about them
He had long ago repressed the painful memories of his childhood.

Question 24

distress

Answer 24

as noun
1 a feeling of extreme unhappiness
Luke’s behaviour caused his parents great distress.
in distress
The girl was crying and clearly in distress.
2 suffering and problems caused by a lack of money, food etc
acute financial distress
in distress
charities that aid families in distress
3 formal great physical pain
4 a situation when a ship, aircraft etc is in danger and needs help
We picked up a distress signal 6 km away.

as verb
to make someone feel very upset
The dream had distressed her greatly.

Question 25

lest

Answer 25

نکنه
She turned away from the window lest anyone see them.
He paused, afraid lest he say too much.
She worried lest he should tell someone what had happened.

Question 26

dubious

Answer 26

1 probably not honest, true, right etc
The firm was accused of dubious accounting practices.
Many critics regard this argument as dubious or, at best, misleading.
The assumption that growth in one country benefits the whole world is highly dubious.
2 [not before noun] not sure whether something is good or true SYN doubtful
I can see you are dubious; take some time to think about it.
dubious about
Some universities are dubious about accepting students over the age of 30.
‘Are you sure you know what you are doing?’ Andy said, looking dubious.

Question 27

in that

Answer 27

comes between 2 sentences that support each other.
the playwright’s approach is in that her works the theatrical devices normally used to create drama on the stage.