15.9 Lubricants & Fuels

Question 1

What are the 2 oil types?

Answer 1

Synthetic and mineral.

Question 2

Why aren’t mineral oils used?

Answer 2

Lack stability.
Excessively volatility.
Thermal degradation.

Question 3

What synthetic oil is used?

Answer 3

Ester based.
Known as third generation oils.

Question 4

What functions does engine oil have?

Answer 4

Lubricating.
Cooling.
Cleaning.
Corrosion protection.

Question 5

On what engines is Type 1 synthetic oil used on?

Answer 5

Old gas turbine engines.

Question 6

On what engines is Type 2 synthetic oil used on?

Answer 6

Modern gas turbine engines?

Question 7

On what engines is Type 3 synthetic oil used on?

Answer 7

Special military aircraft engines.

Question 8

What are the positives of synthetic oil?

Answer 8

Better viscosity.
Thermal stability.
High pressure resistance.

Question 9

What is the disadvantage of synthetic oil?

Answer 9

Expensive.

Question 10

Define viscosity index.

Answer 10

The effect temperature has on oil viscosity.

Question 11

Define viscosity.

Answer 11

The internal resistance against flow.

Question 12

Define pour point.

Answer 12

Lowest temperature oil will visibly move.

Question 13

What is the pour point of type 2 synthetic oil?

Answer 13

-57C

Question 14

Define flash point.

Answer 14

Lowest temp oil will give enough vapour to flash when a flame is applied.

Question 15

What is the flash point of type 2 synthetic oil?

Answer 15

250 C

Question 16

Define pressure resistance.

Answer 16

Oil resistance at high temperatures.

Question 17

What factors affect engine performance?

Answer 17

Oil foaming,
Rubber shelling,
Oxidation,
Thermal stability,
Corrosiveness,
Pressure,
Coking

Question 18

What is engine coking?

Answer 18

Carbon residue in engine due to extreme heating.

Question 19

What is the flash point of jet B fuel?

Answer 19

-20 C

Question 20

What is the flash point of JP5 fuel?

Answer 20

65 C

Question 21

What is the freezing point of JP5 fuel?

Answer 21

-48 C

Question 22

Where is jet A fuel primarily used?

Answer 22

America.

Question 23

Where is jet A1 fuel primarily used?

Answer 23

Europe.

Question 24

Where is jet B fuel primarily used?

Answer 24

Cold temperatures.

Question 25

Where is JP5 fuel primarily used?

Answer 25

Military aircraft.

Question 26

What fuel is used for turbine engines?

Answer 26

Kerosene.

Question 27

What are the 2 main requirements of fuel?

Answer 27

A low freezing point.
Flash point low enough for good ignition but as high as possible for safe handling.

Question 28

What is the density of jet A and A1 fuel?

Answer 28

0.81 kg/litre.

Question 29

At what temp should fuels max viscosity be at?

Answer 29

-20 C

Question 30

What is the problem with water in fuel?

Answer 30

Can support microbial growth.

Question 31

How is dirt avoided in fuel?

Answer 31

Filters.

Question 32

How are fuel additives measured?

Answer 32

Parts per million (ppm).

Question 33

What is the anti ice additive for fuel?

Answer 33

Prist.

Question 34

What are 4 additives to fuel?

Answer 34

Anti oxidants,
Static dissipator,
Corrosion inhibitor,
Metal de-activator.

Question 35

What can be said about open oil containers and why?

Answer 35

They shouldn’t be re used as synthetic oil is hygroscopic.

Question 36

What should be used when working with fuel tanks?

Answer 36

Explosion proof tools.
Special cotton clothing.