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M15 > 15.1 Fundamentals > Flashcards

15.1 Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the compressor?

A

To increase static pressure.

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2
Q

What is dynamic pressure also known as?

A

Velocity.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the combustion chamber?

A

To increase energy.

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4
Q

How does the combustion chamber increase energy?

A

By adding fuel.

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5
Q

What happens to the air after the combustion chamber?

A

It is directed to the turbines and absorbs more energy which turns the shaft to turn the compressor continuously.

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6
Q

What type of duct is at the rear of the engine?

A

Convergent.

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7
Q

How is potential energy defined?

A

Energy at rest or stored energy.

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8
Q

What is the equation for potential energy?

A

PE= m x g x h

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9
Q

How is kinetic energy defined ?

A

Energy in motion.

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10
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

KE= 1/2 x m x v^2

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11
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

Law of inertia.

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12
Q

What is Newtons 2nd law?

A

F=m x a

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13
Q

What is newtons 3rd law?

A

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

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14
Q

How does the Brayton cycle provide thrust?

A

By using air as a working fluid.

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15
Q

Describe the volume and pressure of the Brayton cycle?

A

Variable volume, constant pressure.

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16
Q

How is the air accelerated through the engine in the Brayton cycle?

A

Increasing pressure.

Adding heat energy.

Final conversion back to KE as high velocity jet efflux.

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17
Q

What are the 4 stages of the Brayton cycle?

A

Intake, compression, combustion, exhaust.

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18
Q

What happens at the inlet duct?

A

Pressure increases.

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19
Q

What happens to pressure at the compressor?

A

It further increases.

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20
Q

What happens to pressure at the combustion chamber?

A

Remains constant, volume increases.

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21
Q

What happens to pressure at the turbine?

A

It decreases.

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22
Q

What stages does isobaric heating occur?

A

2 to 3

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23
Q

Where does isobaric heating take place ?

A

In the combustion chamber

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24
Q

What is the hottest point in the engine?

A

The rear of the combustion chamber/ 1st stage of the nozzle guide vane.

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25
Q

At what stages does isentropic compression occur?

A

1 to 2.

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26
Q

At what stages does isentropic expansion occur?

A

3 to 5.

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27
Q

What do the stationary vanes/ stators do?

A

They straighten and guide air onto the rotor blades.

28
Q

What happens in stage 4 to 5?

A

Remaining energy, on its discharge to the atmosphere, provides a propulsive jet in the nozzle.

29
Q

What is the process from 0 to 5 called?

A

Isobaric heat release.

30
Q

Where is the point with the highest static pressure?

A

The start of the combustion chamber.

31
Q

What is the equation and unit for Force?

A

F= m x a.

Newtons.

32
Q

What is the equation and unit for Weight?

A

W= m x a.

Newtons.

33
Q

What is the equation and unit for Work done?

A

W= F x d

Joules.

34
Q

What is the equation and unit for power?

A

P= W/t

Watt.

35
Q

What is the role of the turbine?

A

To supply power to turn the compressor.

36
Q

How is motion defined?

A

The continuous change of position of place.

37
Q

How is acceleration defined?

A

The rate of change of velocity.

38
Q

What is equation and unit for acceleration?

A

A= change in V/ t

m/s^2.

39
Q

How is speed defined?

A

How far an object will travel in a specific time.

40
Q

How is velocity defined?

A

The rate of change of motion in a particular direction.

Vector quantity.

41
Q

What was the first type of engine?

A

Piston type.

42
Q

What was the pro and con of the piston type engine and where was it used?

A

+ fuel efficient.

  • performance decreases at high altitudes.

Only used on small aircraft.

43
Q

What are the 3 things an aircraft engine supplies.

A

Hydraulic power.
Electric power.
Bleed air.

44
Q

What are the 4 types of gas turbine engines in aircraft?

A

Turobojet, turbonfan, turboprop, turboshaft.

45
Q

What are the advantages of the turbojet engine?

A

+ relatively simple design
+ capable of very high speeds
+ takes up little space

46
Q

What are the disadvantages of the turbojet engine?

A
  • high fuel consumption
  • loud
  • poor performance at slow speeds
  • limited in range and endurance
47
Q

Why is a convergent duct used?

A

To increase thrust.

48
Q

In a turbofan engine, what do the front fan set do?

A

They produce 80% of thrust from energy.

49
Q

What is a spool?

A

A turbine driving a compressor through a shaft.

50
Q

What does a twin spool engine consist of?

A

A high pressure turbine driving a high pressure compressor.
A low pressure turbine driving a low pressure compressor and fan.

51
Q

Describe a 3 spool engine?

A

A high pressure turbine driving a high pressure compressor.
An intermediate turbine driving an intermediate compressor.
A low pressure turbine driving a fan.

52
Q

What are the advantages of a turbofan engine?

A

Fuel efficient.
Quieter than turbojet.
Streamlined.

53
Q

What are the disadvantages of a turbofan engine?

A

Heavier than turbojet.
Large frontal area.
Inefficient at very high altitudes.

54
Q

Describe the function of a turboprop engine?

A

To produce shaft horsepower to drive a propellor.

55
Q

What are the advantage of a turboprop engine?

A

Very fuel efficient.

56
Q

What are the disadvantages of a turboprop engine?

A

Limited forward airspeed.
Gearing systems are heavy and can break down.

57
Q

What is the purpose of a turboshaft engine?

A

To produce shaft horsepower to drive machinery instead of thrust.

58
Q

What does a turboprop engine incorporate?

A

A compressor, combustion and turbine within a gas generator.

59
Q

How does a turboprop engine differ from a turbojet?

A

Additional turbines.
Power shaft.
A reduction gearbox.

All to drive the propeller.

60
Q

What are the advantages of a turboshaft engine?

A

Higher power to weight ration than piston engine.
Smaller than piston engine.

61
Q

What are the disadvantages of a turboshaft engine?

A

Loud.
Complex gear system connected to shaft can break down.

62
Q

What are the disadvantages of a turboshaft engine?

A

Loud.
Complex gear system connected to shaft can break down.

63
Q

Where is a turboshaft engine used?

A

APU and helicopters.

64
Q

What is the cold section of an engine?

A

From the inlet to the compressors/ diffusers.

65
Q

What is the hot section of an engine?

A

From the combustion chamber to the exhaust.

66
Q

What materials are engines made from?

A

Aluminium, ceramic, composite, cobalt, nickel, CRES, titanium.

M15 (18 decks)

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