ch 11

Question 1

why is coordination needed

Answer 1

constantly chaining conditions
regulation for good energy use!!!!

Question 2

biosynthesis coronation evidence

Answer 2

radiolabeled glycerol, coordination of fueling

Question 3

richness of medium effects

Answer 3

growth rate, richer = faster

Question 4

modes of regulation (for macromolecule making?)

Answer 4

1. changing enzyme activity
2. changing about of enzyme
3. changing amount of substrate

Question 5

enzyme control by

Answer 5

substrate amount, couple transcription and translation, mRNA are short lived. operons

Question 6

control enzyme activity with what modifacations

Answer 6

less common
covalent modification
allostery- sRNA interaction w protien

Question 7

covalent mod

Answer 7

not as common
important in chemotaxis
ex phosphorylation, adenylation, methylation

Question 8

chemotaxis

Answer 8

move to or away from chemical

Question 9

allostery

Answer 9

smthing binds to active site to alter it

Question 10

feedback inhibition

Answer 10

if too much product is made, it will block the first steps to prevent more from being made
allosteric

Question 11

sRNA can - a reaction

Answer 11

inhibit, modify, activate, tether

Question 12

allosteric examples

Answer 12

feedback inhibition (biosyn), regulating RNA, inhibition or activation dependent allosteric effects (feuling)

Question 13

reg mech of protein synthesis

Answer 13

1) DNA topology
2) promotor rec
3) trancrip repression
4) transcription activation
5) transcription enhancement
6) attenuation
7)sRNA
8) mRNA stability
9) translation control
10) proteolysis

Question 14

DNA topology

Answer 14

supercoiling/ packaging prevent sigma from binding

Question 15

transcription repression involve

Answer 15

regulatory proteins/ DNA control regions

Question 16

promoter recognition

Answer 16

alternate sigma factor expressed under certain conditions (for recognizing the promotor)

Question 17

operon

Answer 17

histrionic genes that are trans together

Question 18

lac operon consist of

Answer 18

prokaryotic
promoter, genes, transcription terminator, operator, reg genes

Question 19

enhancers

Answer 19

long distance control DNA sequence, bending of DNA,
enhancer binding proteins

Question 20

activators

Answer 20

positive regulator protein to increase trxn

Question 21

repressor

Answer 21

negative protien

Question 22

what has lac taught us

Answer 22

1) transcription initiation from promoter of operon regulation
2) trancrip initiation can be allosterically controlled
3) increased expression can be use to relief of negative control (off unless on)

Question 23

attenuation (me thinks)

Answer 23

stopping of transcription bc translation can occur

Question 24

sRNA

Answer 24

regulatory RNA, allosteric
blocks promoter DNA, form termination loop on mRNA to degrade

Question 25

mRNA stability

Answer 25

shit is unstable
lifespan
sRNA, to regulate

Question 26

translational control

Answer 26

too much protein, Binding to mRNA – sRNA, metabolites, or r-
proteins

Question 27

proteolysis

Answer 27

degrading protiens after translation
usually for regulatory proteins
regulated process

Question 28

regulons

Answer 28

multi operons simultaneously regulated by this

Question 29

modulons

Answer 29

group of regulons (hella operons)

Question 30

modulon examples

Answer 30

catabolite repression system
stringent response system

Question 31

catabolite repression

Answer 31

glucose used first
when gone, increases of cAMP production os it can bind to CAP

Question 32

stringent responce system

Answer 32

respons eto starvation

Question 33

Fueling inhibition or activation is dependent

Answer 33

on allosteric effectors