1.5 - Tsoelike Valley, Lesotho - Settlement and Service Provision Flashcards

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1
Q

Purpose nucleated settlements in Tsoelike valley in the past and present

A

In the past: needed for defense as everybody and all services were clustered together
Today: Easy and cheaper to provide services such as health clinics, schools, piped water and shop

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2
Q

Purpose of dispersed settlements in Tsoelike

A

Mountainous areas, crops are grown and cattle keeping is important
* shortage of flat land is a problem

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3
Q

Describe the settlements in Tsoelike valley

A
  • Most of the settlements are below on altitude of 2250m, where it is warm enough to cultivated crops
  • Highest land can be used only for grazing
  • Most settlements are on the north-facing slope (recieve more sunlight making cultivation more easier)
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4
Q

What past environmental problems have occurred in the valley settlements? (name 3)

A
  • Steep, mountainous relief
    • only a small % of the land is suitable for crop farming (more suitable for animal grazing)
  • Short growing season
    • late frost
  • Communal grazing
    • discourages the growing of winter crops
  • Soil erosion by wind and running water is a constant threat
  • Crops can be damaged by hailstorms and locusts
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5
Q

What past social problems have occurred in the valley settlements?

A
  • Complex system of land allocation (tenure system) has led to land being fragmented into small plots with one person’s land being scattered across the village
  • Lack of employment
  • Shortage of labour
    • due to men leaving to work in South African mines
    • many young people no longer working in agriculture
  • Growing population had increased pressure on available land
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6
Q

What past positive changes have occurred in the valley settlements?

A
  • Employment is now provided by forestry, public services and administration
  • Main road to South African border has been improved
  • Farmer Training Centre in Qacha’ Nek (nearby town) to introduce better agricultural methods
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7
Q

Service hierarchy in Tsoelike Valley

A

Lowest in hierarchy
* Only services are local stores

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8
Q

Service hierarchy in Qacha’s Nek

A

Middle order services; population of 8000; about 15 km away
* Provides primary and secondary schools, government hospital, bank, government offices, a church etc.

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