1.2 - China Rural-Urban Migration

Question 1

Internal Migration

Answer 1

Migration within a country

Question 2

Rural-urban migration

Answer 2

The movement of people from the countryside to the city

Question 3

Push factors of rural areas (5)

Answer 3

• Jobs mainly in farming and agriculture
• Mechanisation causes job losses
• Poor harvest from impoverished soil
• Drought and famine
• Poverty
• Lack of services
• Often need to fetch water
• Mainly earth roads
• Poor accessibility

Question 4

Pull factors of urban areas (6)

Answer 4

• Variety of jobs e.g. in shops, offices and factories
• Less likely to be affected by natural disasters
• Jobs are generally well-paid
• Schools, electricity, hospitals and water supply are more widely available
• Many paved roads and railways
• Great variety of leisure and entertainment opportunity

Question 5

What are some challenges migrants face in urban areas? (name 4)

Answer 5

• Migrants have to live in migrant communities
  
  • old buildings
  • polluted (water, air, surroundings)
  • crowded housing (1-4 families live in one room)
• They are uneducated
  
  • are open only to unskilled labour market
  • their jobs are strenuous, dangerous or tedious
• Children live with grandparents
• Try to let migrants move to grandparents
• Migrants have minimum access to services
  
  • education, healthcare
  • due to expense and discrimination