14.5

Question 1

drug resistance

Answer 1

overuse and misue of antimicrobial, inappropriate use of antimicrobials, subtherapeutic dosing, and patient noncompliance with the recommended course of treatment

Question 2

drug resistance genes in plasmids or transposons

Answer 2

can undergo vertical transfer easily and between microbes through horizontal gene transfer

Question 3

common modes of antimicrobial drug resistance

Answer 3

drug modification, drug inactivation, prevention of cellular uptake or efflux, target modification, target overproduction or enzymatic bypass, and target mimicry.