13.3

Question 1

Joseph Lister

Answer 1

used carbolic acid (phenol) as a disinfectant for the treatment of surgical wounds.

Question 2

phenolics

Answer 2

chemical compounds found in antiseptic mouthwashes. Inhibit microbial growth by denaturing proteins and disrupting membranes.

Question 3

heavy metals

Answer 3

kills microbes by binding to proteins and inhibiting enzymatic activity.

Question 4

oligodynamic

Answer 4

small concentrations show significant antimicrobial activity.

Question 5

mercury

Answer 5

bacteriostatic and have a very broad spectrum of activity. Very toxic.

Question 6

tincture

Answer 6

solution of mercury dissolved in alcohol

Question 7

iodophor

Answer 7

compound of iodine complexed with an organic molecule.

Question 8

alcohols

Answer 8

denature proteins that inhibit cell metabolism and disrupt membranes that lead to cell lysis.

Question 9

surfactants or surface-active agents

Answer 9

group of chemical compounds that lower the surface tension of water.

Question 10

quaternary ammonium salts (quats)

Answer 10

cationic detergents include an important class of disinfectants and antiseptics

Question 11

Bisbiguanides

Answer 11

cationic molecules known for their antiseptic properties

Question 12

alkylating agents

Answer 12

strong disinfecting chemicals that act by replacing a hydrogen atom with an alkyl group.

Question 13

peroxygens

Answer 13

strong oxidizing agents that can be used as disinfectants or antiseptics

Question 14

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer 14

broad-spectrum activity, working against gram-positive/negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, and endospores. better with gram positive.

Question 15

sorbic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid

Answer 15

inhibit enzymes or reduce intracellular pH

Question 16

sulfites

Answer 16

used in winemaking and food processing to prevent browning of foods

Question 17

nitries

Answer 17

used to preserve meats and maintain color