14.3 Flashcards
selective toxicity
the drug selectively kills or inhibits the growth of microbial targets while causing minimal or no harm to the host
mode of action
the way in which a drug affects microbes at the cellular level
beta-lactams
group of antibacterials includes the penicillins and carbapenems. Characterized by the presence of a beta-lactem ring found within the central structure of the drug molecule.
cephalosporins
contain a beta-lactam ring and block transpeptidase activity of peniciliin-binding proteins. six instead of 5
vancomycin
a member of a class of compounds called the glycopeptides.
bacitracin
a group structurally similar peptide antibiotics originally isolated from bacillus subtillis.
aminoglycosides
large, highly polar antibacterial drugs that bind to 30s subunit.
erythromycin
a macrolide (50s) that prevents translocation.
azithromycin
broader spectrum, fewer side effects and a longer half-life. a macrolide (50s).
lincosamides
naturally produced and semisynethic clindamycin. Binding of 50s and prevents peptide bond formation.
chloramphenicol
binds to 50s, inhibits peptide formation.
oxazolidinone
bind to 50s, gram positive and gram negative. interfere with formation of initation complex.
polymyxins
natural polypeptide antibiotics, used clinically. lipophilic and interact with component of outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
daptomycin
drug that inserts itself into the membrane and disrupts it.
metronidazole
semisynthetic member of nitroimidazole that is also an anti-protozoan.
rifampin
semisynthetic member of the rifamycin family and functions by blocking RNA polymerase activity in bacteria.
nalidixic acid
selectively inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA, blocking DNA replication.
fluoroquinolones
inhibit the activity of DNA gyrase
antimetabolites
competitive inhibitors for bacterial metabolic enzymes
sulfonamides
early intermediate in folic acid synthesis
trimethoprim
inhibits a later step in the metabolic pathway
isoniazid
antimetabolite with specific toxicity for mycobacteria
