14.3

Question 1

selective toxicity

Answer 1

the drug selectively kills or inhibits the growth of microbial targets while causing minimal or no harm to the host

Question 2

mode of action

Answer 2

the way in which a drug affects microbes at the cellular level

Question 3

beta-lactams

Answer 3

group of antibacterials includes the penicillins and carbapenems. Characterized by the presence of a beta-lactem ring found within the central structure of the drug molecule.

Question 4

cephalosporins

Answer 4

contain a beta-lactam ring and block transpeptidase activity of peniciliin-binding proteins. six instead of 5

Question 5

vancomycin

Answer 5

a member of a class of compounds called the glycopeptides.

Question 6

bacitracin

Answer 6

a group structurally similar peptide antibiotics originally isolated from bacillus subtillis.

Question 7

aminoglycosides

Answer 7

large, highly polar antibacterial drugs that bind to 30s subunit.

Question 8

erythromycin

Answer 8

a macrolide (50s) that prevents translocation.

Question 9

azithromycin

Answer 9

broader spectrum, fewer side effects and a longer half-life. a macrolide (50s).

Question 10

lincosamides

Answer 10

naturally produced and semisynethic clindamycin. Binding of 50s and prevents peptide bond formation.

Question 11

chloramphenicol

Answer 11

binds to 50s, inhibits peptide formation.

Question 12

oxazolidinone

Answer 12

bind to 50s, gram positive and gram negative. interfere with formation of initation complex.

Question 13

polymyxins

Answer 13

natural polypeptide antibiotics, used clinically. lipophilic and interact with component of outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.

Question 14

daptomycin

Answer 14

drug that inserts itself into the membrane and disrupts it.

Question 15

metronidazole

Answer 15

semisynthetic member of nitroimidazole that is also an anti-protozoan.

Question 16

rifampin

Answer 16

semisynthetic member of the rifamycin family and functions by blocking RNA polymerase activity in bacteria.

Question 17

nalidixic acid

Answer 17

selectively inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA, blocking DNA replication.

Question 18

fluoroquinolones

Answer 18

inhibit the activity of DNA gyrase

Question 19

antimetabolites

Answer 19

competitive inhibitors for bacterial metabolic enzymes

Question 20

sulfonamides

Answer 20

early intermediate in folic acid synthesis

Question 21

trimethoprim

Answer 21

inhibits a later step in the metabolic pathway

Question 22

isoniazid

Answer 22

antimetabolite with specific toxicity for mycobacteria