1.4.2 Immune Responses to Viruses I Flashcards
What are the 3 general mechanisms by which the immune system controls or eliminates viruses?
- Soluble extracellular factors that:
- Damage viral structures
- Inhibit virus binding to, entry into or un-coating in host cells
- Promote clearance, uptake and elimination by phagocytic cells
- Inhibition of intracellular virus replication by:
- Immune-mediated recognition and lysis of virus-infected host cells by NK cells and CTL
Describe the role of interferons, complement and NK cells in antiviral immunity.
A, D, E
What are the 3 ways that innate immune cells recognize viruses?
Cell surface PRR
Endosomal PRR: Toll-like receptors
Cytosolic PRR: Nod-like receptors
What are the main roles of interferons (5)
What are the important facts about complement?
All 3 pathways of complement recognize patterns at some level
All pathways lead to the production of a C3 Convertase
C3b/iC3b acts a potent opsonin
What are the 3 ways that complement disrupts the pathogenesis of viruses?
What is the role of NK cells in innate immunity?
Kill, Kill, Kill everything that doesn’t express MHC class I
Describe 3 major protective mechanisms of immune protection against viruses provided by the adaptive immune system. Explain the role of antibody, CTL and Th cells.
What is the role of Th cells?
What is the role of Cytotoxic T cells in adaptive immunity?
C
What are some of the host innate/adaptive techniques to fight off viruses?
What some ways that viruses try to evade the immune system?