1.1.4 Antiviral Chemotherapy Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is the viral life cycle?
- Bind to and enter susceptible host cell
- Uncoating, release of viral genome
- After variable dormant period, synthesize “early” proteins (polymerases)
- Synthesis of nucleic acids
- Synthesis of “late” proteins (structural)
- Assembly of viral particles, release of virus
Class of drug of rimantadine?
Inhibitor of uncoating (anti-influenza chemotherapy)
What is the MOA of rimantidine? Administration route? Side effects?
What class of drug do oseltamivir and zanamivir belong to?
Viral neuraminidase inhibitors (anti-influenza chemotherapy)
What is the MOA of oseltamivir? Administration route? Side effects?
Neuraminidase inhibitor - prevents viral release and subsequent infection of additional cells
*Works best if given early in the course of infection b/c it is used to limit spreading b/t cells and has little effect once the cell has been infected
What is the MOA of Zanamivir? Administration route? Contraindication?
Viral NA inhibitor - prevents release and subsequent infection of additional cells
What class of drug does ribavirin belong to?
Anti-metabolite - Inhibitor of viral nucleic acid synthesis
In which subset of patients is ribavirin contraindicated in?
Pregnant pts - ribavirin is a known teratogen and embryotoxin
How is ribavirin administered for pts with RSV? for Hep C virus?
RSV: aerosol
Hep C virus: oral
What is the MOA of ribavirin?
Anti-metabolite
What are the stages that can define selective toxicity?
Kinase and polymerase
What effect does dideooxynucleosides have on viral genome replication?
Chain termination
-No site to add another base on the chain
What is acyclovir?
Guanosine analogue
What is the MOA of Acyclovir? How is it activated? Administration route?
Guanosine analogue - inhibits viral genome replication
What is the mechanism of resistance found in viruses?
TK-
acyclovir doesn’t get its initial phosphorylation
What is valacyclovir?
Valine ester of acyclovir, increased biavailability because GI absorption through peptide transporter
What is ganciclovir used to treat?
Cyctomegalovirus (CMV); inhibition of viral genome replication
Administration route of ganciclovir? Initial phosphorylation?
What is the difference b/t ganciclovir and acyclovir? How does this manifest itself?
What is the MOA of foscarnet? What is it used to treat?
Directly inhibits viral polymerases (DNA, RNA, RT); CMV and resistant herpes
How is foscarnet administered? Side effect?
What is the MOA of cidofovir? What is used to treat? Drug is given in combination with cidofovir?
Anti-Herpes Agent
What is the MOA of Trifluridine? How is it activated? Route of admission?
What is the MOA of interferon-alpha? What is it used to treat? What increases it half life?
cytokines analog that helps trigger and immune response
Hep B and C
Pegylated (polyethyleneglycol)
