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PHSL231 > 14: Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

14: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How many forms of nervous system input are there?

A

4

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2
Q

How many forms of nervous system output are there?

A

3

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3
Q

Describe dual innervation

A

-Many organs have dual innervation by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These act in opposite directions (eg; increase or decrease in heart rate)

Another example would be our eyes

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4
Q

Describe dual innervation

A

-Many organs have dual innervation by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These act in opposite directions (eg; increase or decrease in heart rate)

Another example would be our eyes, where they are able to increase and decrease in diameter.

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5
Q

How is the ANS sympathetic nervous system distributed?

A

Widely distributed to: salivary glands, eyes, skin, viscera, muscle

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6
Q

Where is the first synapse of the ANS sympathetic nervous system?

What is the exception?

A

First synapse in paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia. Post-ganglionic fibres innervate organs

Exception: Adrenal medulla -supplied by preganglionic sympathetic Ach fibres direct from central nervous system, releases norepinephrine and epinephrine.

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7
Q

How is the ANS parasympathetic nervous system distributed?

A

Distributed less widely, to viscera (mainly vagus nerve), salivary glands, eye, but NOT to skin or muscles

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8
Q

Where is the first synapse of the ANS parasympathetic nervous system?

A

In or near the target organ.

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9
Q

Describe the pre/post ganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system.

A
  • Short preganglionic fibres

- Long postganglionic fibres

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10
Q

What is the main chemical that the sympathetic nervous system releases?

A

Releases NE (norepinephrine) EXCEPT Ach to sweat glands (sudomotor fibres), vasodilator fibres.

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11
Q

Describe the pre/post ganglionic fibres of the parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • Long preganglionic fibres

- Short postganglionic fibres

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12
Q

What is the main chemical that the parasympathetic nervous system releases?

A

Acetylcholine

major target in gut is enteric nervous system (ENS)

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13
Q

What is the receptor type of ANS parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine receptors are all nicotinic

Exceptions would be muscarinic at the effector organ

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14
Q

What type of receptor is present in ANS sympathetic nervous system?

A

Several subtypes of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

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15
Q

Describe the features of the ENS (5)

A

slides

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16
Q

Describe how the ENS controls motility

A

Ach released by the enteric nervous system motor neurons excites smooth muscle (through muscarinic ACHRs), VIP (vasodilatic intestinal peptide) inhibits smooth muscle

PHSL231 (25 decks)

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