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Biochemistry 401 > 1.4 > Flashcards

1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

name the types of intermolecular forces that are NONCOVALENT

A

ionic interactions = opp charged ions

van der walls= interaction due to dipoles

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2
Q

name the types of van der walls

A

hydrogen bonding like dipole dipole interactions (polar and polar), dipole induced (can cause induction of dipole of neighboring like ch3 and make it not distrib which the methyl being less nonpolar and polar) and London dispersion(nonpolar molecules only!) which has small dipole because of fluctuations….

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3
Q

hydrophobic effect

A

the exclusion of nonpolars from polar to maximize the entropy of water molecules

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4
Q

atomic distances are measured as?

A

angstrom (A) = 10^-10 m

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5
Q

which has the highest bond strength? covalent or non covalent?

A

covalent

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6
Q

despite being weak, why are London dispersion important?

A

interactions for making nonpolar substances liquid temp like benzene

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7
Q

electroneg

A

atom attracts a shared pair of electrons toward itself

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8
Q

electrostatic polarization

A

electro neg btwn atoms in coval bond but are not evenly distr which causes dipoles to form (charge separation)

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9
Q

hydrogen bonding

A
  • basically van der walls
  • hydrogen bonded to oxygen or nitrogenwhich causes greater the direction and dipole
  • nitrogen is electropos
  • oxygen is electroneg
  • makes water a liq at room temp?
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10
Q

why is water highly polar?

A

it can be a proton donor or acceptor

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11
Q

van der walls radius of h20?

A

1.4 angstrom

radius is btwn the center and the envelope

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12
Q

van der walls of H

A

1.2 angstrom

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13
Q

how many degrees is water shape?

A

104 degrees

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14
Q

van der walls envelope

A

outer boundary of the cloud of electrons

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15
Q

concave vs convex

A

degree < 180 is convex

deg > 180 is concave

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16
Q

what happens with ice bonding?

A

it is structurally ordered with hydrogen bonds, static (doesn’t move) but it can form 4 bonds with other water molecules because it has tetrahedra shape

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17
Q

densities of ice and water

A 
ice = 0.92 g/ml
water= 1.00 g/ml
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18
Q

liq water

A

loose h bonds that fluctuates and tumbles on a picometer
bonds to mers(3,4,5 water molecules) but it is not a permanent bonding. they are transient because they often break

bonds are held more TIGHTLY THAN ICE

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19
Q

H2O is aka

A

universal solvent

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20
Q

y can water dissolve polar substances

A

b/c its dipole character can weaken attractive opp charges molec like salt water

21
Q

aggregate

A

can still go in water but cannot easily dissolve in it like oil and lipids

  • nonpolar rather stick to each other to minimize contact with water, SA, and loses less entropy
  • NONPOLAR MOLEC form non homogenous droplets
22
Q

hydration

A

water molec neutralizes the charge of an ion

23
Q

amphillic molecules

A

homogenous but do not dissolve but disappear into solution

hide their hydrophobic but expose their hydrophilic

24
Q

amphi

A

both

25
Q

phillia

A

attraction

26
Q

nam 4 aggreg of artif synthetic membrane systems

A

micelles
bicelles
liposomes
nanodisks

27
Q

diff btwn micelles and others

A

only one with monolayer

28
Q

describe micelles

A

sphere shape, detergent sds is in it, single tailed

can have a central cavity filled with water depending on concen of detergents

heads are polar so it protecs nonpol and is on outside of sphere

29
Q

biceles

A

disk like shape b/c there is too much crowding, two dif length of tails, tails form lipid bilayer NOT B/C OF TAILS

30
Q

liposome

A

3d structure with a single bilayer with central aqueous cavity

  • really a disrupted bicelle
  • delivery of hydrophilic drugs and nutrients in the central cavity b/c it doesn’t readily diffuse
31
Q

nanodisks

A 
has msp (membrane scaffold amphiathic proteins) that  protect the outer tails
-best for stabilizing/ folding proteins
32
Q

nanodisks vs bicelles

A

bicelles have a poor 3d structure that is heterogenous

33
Q

what do the integral membrane proteins do?

A

they penetrate the lipid bilayer and laterally swim across
-form alpha or beta with hydrophobic surfaces

-hydrophobic, non transmembrane,non soluble and precipitates out

34
Q

lateral vs transverse

A

lateral is fast and moves within same leaflet

transverse (rare) is slower and moves between the the inner and outer leaflet

35
Q

inner vs outer leaflet

A

inner is the leaflet on the cytoplasmic side whereas the outer leaflet is on the outside of the cell

36
Q

diff btwn the motion of heads and tails

A

the tails can move around and are more fluid but the heads are more restricted and cannot move bc unfavorable

37
Q

what is the fluidity of the lipid bilayer dependent on?

A

temp and lipid composition

38
Q

transition temp

A

phase transition in vitro from a liquid sol to a liquid crystal

39
Q

temp above tm

A

too fluid and mobile

cholesterol decreases the fluidity by interrupting space of lipid tails

40
Q

temp below tm

A

gel like solid of ordered array

increases the bilayer fluidity by interrupting the close packing of the tails

41
Q

cholesterol

A

fluidity buffer to respond to temp to help the tm

42
Q

peripheral membrane proteins (pmp)

A

water soluble and deals with lipid heads

transmembrane and can go from inner to outer leaflet vice versa

43
Q

beta barrel transmembrane

A
  • forms closed hollow tunnel
  • ex:omPf
  • passage of nutrients, salts, and water
44
Q

alpha helical transmembrane

A
  • transverse through bilayer once or more

- responsible for signal transduction and energy

45
Q

polar heads are aka

A

non transmembrane

46
Q

pmp are responsible for

A

signaling and shape of mosaic fluid model

allows attachment of spectrin actin and ankyrin to the inner leaflet for membrane skeleton

47
Q

types found on inner leaflet

A

sphingomyelin and phosphotidycholine

48
Q

types found on outer leaflet

A

phosphotidyethanolamino and phosphatidyserine

49
Q

3 types of transverse diff

A
  1. flippase (move from outer to inner leaflet with ATP)
  2. floppase (inner to outer leaflet with ATP)
  3. scramblase (bidirectional of leaflets without atp but to meach for equilib)

Biochemistry 401 (11 decks)

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