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Biochemistry 401 > 1.3 > Flashcards

1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following (anomers or epimers) are in equilibrium?

A

anomers and can be interconverted

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2
Q

acid (HA)

A
  • all acids exist in equilibrium with their dissociate ion (A-)
  • can donate a proton (H+)
  • formula: HA <=> H+ + A-
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3
Q

Base

A

can pick up a proton and can become protonated

  • known as B
    formula: B + H+ <=> BH
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4
Q

what is the Henderson Hasselbach equation?

A

relationship between the ionization of a weak acid and the pH of the solution

  • the ratio helps determine each component
  • Does not take into account of ionization but only buffers
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5
Q

tera prefix

A

10^12

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6
Q

what is the concentration of h20 in pure water under standard state conditions?

A

56 mol/liter

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7
Q

name the three standard state conditions?

A

25 degree Celsius , pH of seven, 1 atm

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8
Q

what is the variable for avogrado’s number?

A

6.022 x 10 ^23 which is NA

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9
Q

units for mass concentration?

A

g/L

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10
Q

units for number concentration

A

1/liters

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11
Q

The H+ proton can largely exist as what molecule?

A

H3O .

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12
Q

proton jumping?

A

it is when the H+ jumps from one water molecule to another

-occurs in water very fast

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13
Q

in hydronium water

A

the water is ionized and has a pka of 14

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14
Q

relationship of H+ and pH

A

in acidic conditions, there are more pH

in basic conditions, there are less pH

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15
Q

pH formula

A

pH= -log (H+)
pH= pka + log [A-/HA]

ex: pH of h2o = -log(10^-7) = 7

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16
Q

what is the pH of blood?

A

7.4

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17
Q

what s the pH of vinegar?

A

3

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18
Q

what is the pH of milk?

A

7

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19
Q

what is the pH of gastric juice?

A

1.5

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20
Q

the equilibrium dissociation constant formula?

A

Ka = [H+ A-] / HA

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21
Q

pKa formula

A
  • lower the pka the more the acid will be let go

pka = -log(ka)

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22
Q

H3PO4 ka and pka

A 
ka= 7.08 x 10^-3
pka = 2.15
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23
Q

H2PO4- ka and pka

A

ka = 1.51 x 10^-7

pka = 6.82

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24
Q

buffers

A

weak acids and weak bases that resist changes in the pH

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25
Q

give an ex of blood buffer

A

carbonic acid

H2CO3 <=> HCO3 + H+ <=> CO2 + H2O

26
Q

at what numeric value will the buffer work?

A

the same numeric value of pka b/c it needs to be in equal amounts in order to neutralize the PH

OH- + HA = HOH +A-

PH = +/- 1 ONLY for it to work best

27
Q

acetic acid ka and pka

A

ka= 1.74 x 10^-5 and pka = 4.76

28
Q

h2co3 ka and pka

A

ka = 4.47 x 10^-7 and pka = 6.35

29
Q

nh4+

A

ka= 5.62 x 10^-10 and pka = 9.25

30
Q

HPO4 2- Ka and Pka

A

ka = 4.17 x

31
Q

water ka and pka

A

ka = 1.00 x 10^-14 pka = 14

32
Q

do lipids polymerize

A

no

33
Q

define lipids

A

hydrophobic molec with polar and nonpolar

34
Q

name the five classes of lipids

A 
fatty acids
tryglycerides
phospholipids
sphingolipids
steroidolipids
35
Q

define fatty acids

A

they are carboxylic with amphatic long tails

  • the # of c are btwn 10-30
  • under physiological conditions, it is carboxylate
36
Q

what does 18:2 mean?

A

there re 18 carbons and 2 double bonds

37
Q

define saturated and unsaturated

A

saturated have single bonds and cannot add any more carbons and hydrogens

unsaturated means that there are double bonds with kinks

38
Q

saturated vs unsaturated

A

saturated has higher mp and more flexible because it can rotate freely around single bonds. DOUBLE BONDS CANNOT DO THIS

39
Q

what increases the mp?

A 
saturation number (m)
more saturated carbons
less double bonds
40
Q

describe the structure of glycerol?

A

it has three carbons and an OH and H2 bonded t each carbon

41
Q

triglycerides process from glycerol

A

they go through esterification in which the OH disappears and the a carbonyl, extra oxygen, and an R group appears

42
Q

what are triglycerides?

A

oils and fats that are hydrophobic stored in adipose tissue

43
Q

are trans fats good or bad?

A

they are bad B/C they are PROCESSED but they prolong and taste better so better profit but BAD HEALTH

44
Q

Lipolysis/ lipogenesis

A

breaking down triglycerides to release fatty acids

45
Q

which one carries more energy, sugar or fats?

A

fats b/c it has more electrons

46
Q

describe the making of the phospholipids

A

glycerol is phosphorylated which means that the third oh will turn into phosphorus with an Oh and three oxygens attached because it can have five bonds (THE OH DOES NOT DISAPPEAR IN THIS ONE). This is called the head polar portion because the rest of the phospholipids is hydrophobic

THEN will have an esterification process on the first carbon where it adds an R group and carbonyl and oxygen.

47
Q

ampipathic vs amphiphillic

A

both have polar and nonpolar regions but amphipathic are for harboring lipids but amphiphilic are attraction for proteins

48
Q

are all lipids amphiphilic?

A

no only phospholipids which can be polar or charged.

49
Q

what does zwitterionic mean?

A

neutral

50
Q

sphingolipids

A

1rst carbon: has OH and goes through etherification which means X replaces the H of the OH
2nd carbon: amino group (H3N) goes through acetylation and adds a carbonyl with an r group
3rd carbon: fatty acid tail

51
Q

sphingolipids are deriv of ?

A

ceramides

52
Q

what are the subclasses of sphingolipids?

A

carbons1. x= phosphor (choline/ethanolamine) = spingomyelins (neuronal lipids)
2. x = monosaccharides = cerebrosides (neuronal)
3. oligosaccharide = globosides = in erythrocytes
4. x = sialilated oligosaccharide = ganglioside= most complex with a NINE CARBON SUGAR

53
Q

lipid raft

A

lipids move together in a raft

54
Q

steroidolipids

A

made up of sterane

ex: cholesterol

55
Q

what is sterane made up of

A

has 3 cyclohexanes rings (perhydrophanthrene) fused with cyclopentane ring

total of 17

56
Q

cholesterol is

A

3rd lipid in membrane
very rigid with good shape and fluidity
precursor for biosynthesis of steroid hormones

57
Q

are steroids hydrophilic or hydrophobic or lipophilic

A

hydrophobic and lipophillic

58
Q

glucocorticides

A

ex= cortisol
focuses on stress and hypoglycemia
controls metabolism and inflammation

59
Q

mineralcorticoids

A

ex: alsosterone
deals with hypotension and acidosis

controls osmoregulation

60
Q

androgen, estrogen, and progesterone are focused on:

A

exercise and being stress free

Biochemistry 401 (11 decks)

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