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Biochemistry 401 > 0-1.1 > Flashcards

0-1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is inorganic phosphate?

A

PO4^3- … there are three oxygens with a negative.

known as Pi because it is in its inorganic form

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2
Q

what is the protonated form of inorganic phosphate?

A

Hydrogen phosphate (HPO4)^2- … only two of the oxygens have a negative sign

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3
Q

Which of the two will the textbooks show as a reactant for Pi? Inorganic phosphate or Hydrogen phosphate?

A

Hydrogen phosphate .

(HPO4)2- <=> PO4^3- + H+

PK=12

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4
Q

what is the phosphoryl group?

A

its the phosphorus with three oxygens attached to a R group… keep in mind that phosphorus can form five bonds so one of the oxygens that are attached always has a double bond

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5
Q

what is the phosphate group?

A

it is the phosphorus with four oxygens attached to an R group. There are only two oxygens with neg signs

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6
Q

what is an acyl group?

A

R-C=O

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7
Q

what is an ester group?

A

it is an acyl group bonded to an oxygen and an R group. There should be two oxygens in total.

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8
Q

what is a thioester?

A

it is an acyl group attached to a sulfur group and an oxygen with a neg sign

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9
Q

what is a phosphoester?

A

it is a phosphorus attached to two oxygens (one with a double bond and one with a single bond)

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10
Q

what is a phosphodiester?

A

it is a phosphorus with a double bond attached to two other oxygens through single bonds….

think of di.. meaning two
a phosphor group already has an oxygen attached

an ester means that there is an extra O. The di means that there is another extra O

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11
Q

what is an anhydride?

A

it has three oxygens attached to two carbons. One of the oxygens are in the middle of the carbons and then the others are attached to each side.

this is all between two R groups

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12
Q

what is a phosphoanhydride?

A

it is a phosphorus with three oxygens. There is an oxygen in between the phosphorus and then there are two oxygen on each side by double bonds

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13
Q

N glucosidic bond

A

this a type of bond that covalently attaches two ring structures. The nitrogen of one structure will connect to a hydrogen of another structure.

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14
Q

kilo

A

10^3 thousand

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15
Q

mega

A

10^6 million

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16
Q

giga

A

10^9 billion

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17
Q

tera

A

10^12 trillion

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18
Q

peta

A

10^15 quadrillion

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19
Q

exa

A

10^18 quintillion

20
Q

milli

A

10^-3 thousandth

21
Q

micro

A

10^-6 millionth

22
Q

nano

A

10^-9 billionth

23
Q

pico

A

10^-12 trillionth

24
Q

femto

A

10^-15 quadrillionth

25
Q

Atto

A

10^-18 quintrillionth

26
Q

Angstrom

A

10^-10

27
Q

how many angstrom are in nm and pm?

A

moving to the left with bigger # like 10^-9
moving to the right with numbers smaller like 10^-12

think of milli and kilo
ans: .1 nm and 100 pm

28
Q

name three monomers

A

amino acids, carbohydrates (monosaccharides), nucleotides

29
Q

name three polymers

A

proteins, polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) nucleic acid,

30
Q

adapt vs adopt

A

adapt is to change or adjust to the environment in a positive way
adopt is to take on/up

31
Q

monosaccharides (define)

A

they are simple sugars with a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group. They have a chiral carbon

they have the (CH2O)n group but n has to be >3

32
Q

monosaccharides are also known as ?

A

carbonyl polyprols

polyhdroxy carbonyls

33
Q

monosaccharides are also classified as aldoses and ketoses

A

from ketones and aldehydes

34
Q

monosaccharides are derived from

A

CO2 AND H2O

35
Q

enantiomers

A

optical isomers and are non-superimposable mirror images of each other

ex: hands

36
Q

optical isomers

A

deals with two mirror images that have a different components like the levoratory and dextroroatory that rotate the plane of polarized light in opp dire but equal amounts

37
Q

non polarized light

A

the electrical field goes in all directions

ex: sunlight and light bulb

38
Q

polarimeter

A

determines the direction and angle of polarized light

39
Q

monosaccharides D/L configurations

A

for L, most of the OH groups will be on the left side

for D, most of the OH groups will be on the right side

40
Q

fischer projections vertical vs horizontal lines

A

horizontal lines= comes out of type projection

vertical lines= goes inside the projection

41
Q

there are a total of how many stereoisomers?

A

16

42
Q

aldose vs ketose

A

aldose has only the sixth carbon as ch2oh but ketose has the first and sixth carbon
-ketose also has the ulose ending compared to aldose ose ending

43
Q

furanose

A

five carbon cyclic member ring

ex - fructose

44
Q

pyranose

A

six carbon cyclic member ring

ex- glucose

45
Q

alpha anomer vs beta anomer

A
  • the alpha will have the oh and the ch2oh on the opposite sides because the alpha wants to be the boss.
  • the beta anomer will have the oh and the ch2oh on the same side
  • beta anomers are 60% whereas the alpha anomers are 40%
46
Q

name two types of diastereomers?

A

anomers and epimers

Biochemistry 401 (11 decks)

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