1.3.10 Urban Management and the Challenges of Continuity and Change Flashcards
What is rebranding and regeneration?
Changing the image and fabric of an area to encourage people to invest and encourage people into the area
How was there conflict from the Clays Lane Estate?
- It was a housing co-operative development built in 1977
- It created a new community for vulnerable single people in Newham
- The site was designated for the Olympic athletes village and the 430 residents were forced to move
- There was a public inquiry and much opposition
- Now housing costs are 3x higher, despite still living in East London
How was there conflict from local businesses in Stratford?
- Had to close down
- H S Foremans’ new factory was closed down
How was there conflict from the Carpenters Estate Council Estate?
- It is a run down housing estate in Stratford
- UCL proposed building a £1 billion university quarter there
- This was passed by the Newham council in October 2012
- 250 residents faced their houses/flats being demolished and mass evictions
- They set up a protest group and website
- Their ‘Three Towers’ play illustrating issues of social inequality had a short run at the Camden’s People Theatre in 2014
What happened to the proposed UCL development in Stratford?
- UCL was put off by the conflict as they didn’t want a bad image
- No longer pursuing its proposal to build a campus on the Carpenters Estate site but are still committed to redeveloping the site
- Due to occupy Olympicopolis in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park
Why did the LDDC cause conflict amongst locals?
- It was an undemocratic body with little to no relationship with local councils and planning authorities
- There was a perception that it consistently put the needs of big businesses above those of local people
- Relatively little emphasis was put on social housing
- Most of the prime riverside sites went to developers and large scale office developments took place of small industrial/housing developments
- Building London City Airport caused sharp splits in local opinion
What are examples of gentrification causing conflict?
- A brick was thrown through the window of the Cereal Killer breakfast cafe in Shoreditch
- Loss of ethnic diversity in Notting Hill
How is the digital revolution causing conflict?
- Settlements are now hubs (not physical places with links)
- Data and information can be exchanged between people no matter how far away they are physically
- The annihilation of space in favour of the ubiquitous commons
- Most of our social, romantic and work life is online now
- Data storage takes place at storage points held by organisations, like in Silicon Valley
- Causes data privacy issues as powerful corporations and governments can access people’s data
How does the desire to live in safe cities cause conflict?
- Perceptions of security are driven by crime and health statistics, infrastructure safety, terrorism and crime
- Conflict between groups that want more policing and those who want less ‘stop and search’
- Insider vs outsider perspectives
- Outsider perspectives influenced by media representation
How does Uber work?
- GPS location
- Smart phone/internet
Who benefits from Uber?
Consumers:
- 1/3 the cost of black cabs
- Pin points your location so cars come to you without having to hail a black cab
Drivers:
- Gig economy gives them freedom and flexibility
Who loses out from Uber?
- Black cab drivers
- Uber drivers are undermining their skill set
How does Deliveroo and Uber Eats cause conflict?
- Led to the rise of dark kitchens, where people are making food to deliver but are not physical restaurants and often evade the health inspector
- Consumers can get ill
- Consumers have more choice
- People can sell food and earn money
What is overheating?
- When prices rise, but productivity does not
- A rush to invest in a places causes productivity to actually decrease
How is the South East’s housing market overheating?
- Rapid development has not been matched by adequate housing and infrastructure provision
- 1/3 of tenants in the South East and London pay more than 50% of their take-home pay to landlords
- Once rents or mortgage payments reach more than 30% of household income, quality of life beings to be impacted
- Wealthy foreign investors treat homes as investments rather than places to live and leave houses empty
- Need to restrict their ability to buy property in the UK
Why is San Francisco overheating?
- Caused by their Tech City brand
How is London’s house market overheating?
- Demand for housing is increasing by 2000 per week
- Causes house prices to rise which attracts further investment from overseas investors
- Home ownership is way beyond what working Londoners can afford
How is London’s commercial property market overheating?
- Shortage of brownfield land as a result of demand for commercial property
- Imperial Research Hub (White City) was built 45 minutes away from the nearest Imperial university halls of residence
- Public transport is congested during rush hour due to companies and FDI moving into central London
- Upgrades to public transport are disruptive and cost £2000 per person per year
What is the Francis Crick institute?
- Bio medical research
- Employs 1500 qualified staff
Why was the Francis Crick Institute built in London?
- Near King’s Cross station, which is the most well connected part of London
- Expertise of surrounding universities
- Patient variety in London hospitals
- Appeal of London as a global city for young scientists from across the world
- Financial and legal expertise required to commercialise research
How did building the Francis Crick Institute place demands on London?
- Housing costs have increased in London by 10% per year in the last 2 decades
- Inflation of prices in shops
- Congestion on transport
- Competition for offices leads to skyscrapers
- Greater income inequality
Where is brownfield land being used up in London?
-Shoreditch and Stratford
- Filled up by tertiary, quaternary and housing
What are the housing problems for London as a result of overheating?
- 2000 new people in London every 8 days
- Needs 42,000 extra homes per year for ten year
- Household size increasing from 2.35 to 2.47, leading to overcrowded homes
- House prices rising 10% per year vs 3.1% outside London
- Plutocratisation as foreign investors buy up London property
What are the transport problems and solutions for London as a result of overheating?
- Strain on transport due to increased population and economic activity
- New projects built such as the Elizabeth line, orbital railway and Heathrow expansion
How is London causing problems for the rest of the country?
- Cause the brain drain
- Best and brightest are attracted to London
- Cities outside London are struggling to recruit talent
- London firms dominate the UK
- Accusations that London has a metropolitan elite which are out of touch with the rest of the country
