Glaciation Pack J Flashcards
Where in the UK was there upland glacial erosion?
Lake District and Snowdonia
Where was there ice sheet erosion in the UK?
West Scotland
Where are periglacial lowlands in the UK?
Scotland
Where were cold-based glaciers in the UK?
South of the UK
Did different ice sheets reach different areas in the UK?
Yes
In general how do highland and lowland landscapes differ?
- Highland landscapes are dominated by the processes of erosion
- Lowland areas are dominated by processes of deposition
What are the main features of highland landscapes?
- Erosion (abrasion and plucking)
- Cirques, aretes and pyramidal peaks
- Cirque and valley glaciers
- U shaped valley (e.g. Windermere)
- Truncated spurs, hanging valleys, ribbon lakes and misfit streams
- Lake District and Snowdonia
- Free-thaw weathering and scree slopes
- Crag and tail, roche moutonnee
- Angular material
What are the main features of lowland landscapes?
- Deposition
- Slow moving or stagnant ice
- Drumlins
- Outwash plain
- Kettle holes
- Varves
- Eskers
- Kames
- Rounded material
- Meltwater
What are the main features of valley glacier landscapes?
- Plucking and abrasion
- Free-thaw weathering
- Erosion by meltwater
- U-shaped valley with ribbon lakes, hanging valleys, truncated spurs and misfit streams
- Roche moutonnee, crag and tail and striations
- Eskers and kame/kame terraces
- Drumlins
- Moraines
- Outwash plains
- Varves
- Kettle holes and lakes
What are the main features of ice sheet landscapes formed by erosion?
- Highland ice sheet erosion by warm-based ice sheets is areal scouring
- A large area is smoothed by the slow moving ice sheet
- Erodes landscape differentially
- Cold based ice sheets produce little erosion
- Creates knock and lochan landscape where there are gentle low-lying flattish smoothed hills or hummocks made of more resistant rock and hollows of less resistant rock which fill with lakes
- Higher rock forms whalebacks, resistant rock forms roche moutonnnees and softer rock forms rock basins
- Thin ice sheets will have less erosion
What are the main features of ice sheet landscapes formed by deposition?
- Significant terminal moraines that mark the edge of the ice sheet
- Outwash plains in front of the ice
- Kames, esker and drumlins mark where ice once was
How can glacial sediments be classified and why do each of the two ways differ?
Glacial - unsorted and angular
Fluvioglacial - sorted and rounded
What glacial deposits are subglacial?
- Ground moraines
What three glacial moraine glacial deposits are ice marginal?
- Lateral moraine
What three fluvioglacial landforms are ice contact?
- Kames
- Kame terraces
- Eskers
