13. Performance analysis Flashcards
What is performance analysis?
The systematic observation, recording & evaluation of an athlete’s performance using qualitative & quantitative methods
Performance analysis purpose
To improve decision-making, technique, strategies & overall effectiveness in training & competition as well as recovery
What is involved in PA?
- Identify strengths & weaknesses for individuals & teams
- source of feedback to coach & performer
- create reliable record of performance that can be analysed
- help talent identification
PA in coaching process
Observation - training & competition
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Analysis - before, during, after performance; qualitative & quantitative
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Evaluation - strengths & weaknesses
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Feedback - appropriate, correct, positive; team, individual
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Planning - based on info gained, in line with goals
How much do coaches remember when observing athlete in real time?
30 - 50% of key performance indicators ( KPIs)
Varies based on experience, focus & situational factors
What d o coaches look at?
Physical attributes
Technical efficiency
Tactical awareness
Psychological / behavioural factors
Physical attributes of observation
Focus: fitness & conditioning
Key aspects: speed, strength, endurance, power, recovery
- When analysing an individual physically, a coach will analyse baseline fitness levels of an action or event in order to create appropriate training programmes
Eg rugby players wear GPS to track total distance covered & sprint speed during match to monitor fitness levels
Technical efficiency of observation
Focus: now much the body’s limbs move to create movement & force
Key aspects: techniques, forces, joint angles, muscle activation, movement quality & efficiency, reducing injury risks
- certain sports focus on the aesthetics of movement too eg. Gymnastics → floor & beam
Eg Beckham’s biomechanics focused on precise foot placement,hip rotation & controlled follow through all working together/ coordinated to create extreme sidespin
Tactical awareness of observation
Focus: how the team are at decision-making, looking at specific events / themes during play
Key aspects: tactical patterns, turnovers, decision- making, statistics, KPIs of team and individual player performance & opposition analysis
Eg a netball analyst tracks the number of successful passes made by the centre and where & how possession is lost to adjust team tactics
Psychological / behavioural factors in observation
Focus: mindset & mental responses; now individuals react / behave in certain situations
Key aspects: confidence, anxiety, stress, aggression, motivation, concentration & decision-making when under pressure
Eg a sports psychologists observes a footballers body language & emotional control when goal-directed behaviour is blocked
How can the coach and performer use physiological data?
- Identify strengths & weaknesses
- make changes to training programmes
- develop ongoing fitness profile
- set highly specific goals
- Monitor progress of training or recovery & effectiveness
- offer baseline data or benchmarking against comparative data
- Reduce risk of overuse injuries by managing workload
- Talent identification & development
Techniques/methods for physiological analysis
- Fitness testing - field based, lab based
- physiological testing
- health tests
- GPS tracking systems & wearable technology
Notational analysis
Analyse individual or team performance based on a number of key performance indicators
- eg time in possession, number of shots
Biomechanics analysis
science concerned with internal & external forces acting on body
Studies kinetics & kinematics
Focuses on optimising technique, reducing injury risk & enhancing efficiency
Combines physics & physiology principles
Kinetic definition
Force analysis
Kinematic definition
Motion analysis
- force production, joint angle
Video analysis advantages
- very detailed information
- slow motion - allows breakdown into smaller movements
- reverse/replay - watch back multiple times
- zoom in - see individuals out of team
- visual guidance/feedback
- split screen for comparison
- store multiple videos - compare past & previous
Video analysis disadvantages
- Technology not always reliable - can lose footage
- specialist equipment - expensive
- specialist training needed to use it
- accessibility issues
- time consuming
Benefits for athletes
- Improved technical + tactical knowledge
- Improved decision making
- improved confidence
- helps monitor progress overtime
- Increased motivation
Benefits for coaches
- Assists understanding of athletes strengths & weaknesses
- helps develop specific programmes
- enhance own development & coaching practise
-Enables in-depth review of performance - helps make informed decisions
Methods of notational analysis
- Video analysis
- real-time analysis
- computer analysis
- hand notation
- GPS systems
Real-time analysis
Template made, performance noted for each aspect based on template of KPIs
Real-time analysis advantages
- Immediate info provided
- opposition can be analysed to make changes
- quicker man post-match/ computer analysis
- help minimise risk of injury - sub players
- refine gameplay immediately
Real-time analysis disadvantages
- limited amount of info can be recorded
- Less detailed feedback
- difficult to process
- requires specialist training
- data overload to performer
- some sports don’t benefit from real-time analysis
- subjective methods, human error
- no video, forgotten easily
Post-match / computer analysis
Use of specialised computer software with a recording of performance
Analyst notes number of outcomes
Use of GPS systems
- aquire info about players in both match or training
- measure distance covered, speed over set distances neat rate, force of collision, positions on pitch
- can be used for personal training, changes in tactics, team selection
- allows live tracking
- when uploaded, can generate heat maps
Computer analysis software
Catapult
Prozone
Veo
Sports code
Huddle
Post-match analysis advantages
- Permanent record of performance
- record of opposition performance
- slow motion & freeze frame - precise analysis
- Identify distances, speed, intensity of work
- Training made specific
- Players use for self analysis
- Data output is immediate
- Integration with graphics systems - clearer output
Post - match analysis disadvantages
- Expensive programmes
- equipment needs training to be used
-Time consuming - can be ambiguous - KPIs need to be clearly defined
Methods of biomechanics analysis
- Highly specialised sensors, camera & computer programmes → detect movement patterns
- force plates → peak force, ground reaction force, rate of force development, force distribution
- EMG (electromyography) → identify electrical impulses in muscle during movement
Biomechanics analysis software
-Dartfish
- quintic
Biomechanics analysis advantage
-Improve techniques to improve performance & efficiency
- reduce risk of injury by correcting movement
-Provide technical feedback through visual approach
- monitor rehab process
Biomechanics analysis disadvantages
- trained biomechanists needed
- may be difficult to understand results / feedback
- difficult to conduct with younger & inexperienced performers
- time consuming
- Expensive equipment
Sports psychology analysis
Combines psychology, mental health & wellbeing to support individuals to improve focus, increase confidence, develop coping strategies & achieve right zone to perform
What does psychological analysis do?
- looks at & tries to predict behaviour of athletes
- allows coach an opportunity to intervene & attempt to support & change patterns of behaviour
- analyse emotional state under pressure
Psych analysis - interview
More purposeful & organised than conversation but less formal & standardised than psych test
Psych analysis - behaviour observation
Observed across:
-Vocal
-Facial expression
- gesture
- posture
- Locomotion
Psych analysis - personality testing
- Eysenck
- state trait anxiety inventory
- profile of mood state
- athletic motivation inventory
- sport competition anxiety test
Psychological analysis methods
Interview
Behaviour observation
Personality testing
Advantages of media involvement
- Enhances viewer understanding
- engages & educates fans
- creates informed debate
-Improved fan experience - supports tactical awareness
- bridges casual & expert audience
- boosts digital engagement
Disadvantages of media involvement
- Athletes see stats, demovativation
- misleading stats
-Minority sports don’t receive enough attention - highlights specific genders & abilities
